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ISBN: 0333242696 Year: 1979 Publisher: London : MacMillan,
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Endorphins --- Endorphins. --- Mental disorders, drug therapy --- Research
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Year: 1979
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Behavior. --- Endorphins. --- Pig.
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Dependence. --- Endorphins. --- Opiate. --- Opioid. --- Opioids. --- Physiological. --- Physiology.
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Endorphins. --- Pig. --- Sow. --- Sows. --- Stereotypies. --- Stereotypy. --- Tethered sows.
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Behaviour. --- Endorphins. --- Naloxone. --- Performance. --- Pig. --- Sow. --- Sows. --- Stereotyped behaviour. --- Stereotypy. --- Tethered sows.
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Behavior. --- Beta-endorphin. --- Blood sampling. --- Cribbiting. --- Diet. --- Endorphins. --- Horse. --- Horses. --- Plasma. --- Steroid.
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Five cribbing horses and six control horses were used in a latin square design dietary study to investigate the effects of different diets on the frequency of cribbing behavior and plasma levels of beta-endorphin in the horse. Feeding grain or sweetened grain rations was found to cause a significant increase in the cribbing frequency whereas alfalfa pelleted hay was without significant effect on the frequency of the behavior. Baseline beta-endorphin levels in cribbing horses were half those of the non-cribbing controls and remained significantly lower during the feeding trials. These results are discussed as they apply to treatment of cribbing horses and in terms of the underlying mechanism of cribbing
Alfalfa. --- Behavior. --- Beta-endorphin. --- Boxes. --- Control. --- Cribbing. --- Design. --- Diet. --- Endorphins. --- Feeding. --- Food. --- Frequency. --- Hay. --- Hormone. --- Horse. --- Horses. --- Increase. --- Increases. --- Level. --- Naloxone. --- Narcotic-antagonists. --- Plasma. --- Self-mutilative behavior. --- Stallion. --- Stereotypic behavior. --- Sucrose. --- Time. --- Treatment.
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Stereotypic cribbing in horses is thought to involve excess dopaminergic activity within the striatum. Various models of stress-induced stereotypies including cribbing in horses postulate that stress stimulates the release of endorphins. triggering the release of striatal dopamine. Dopamine in turn activates basal ganglia motor programs, reinforcing behavior via a reward mechanism. Furthermore, the release of dopamine by endorphins has been shown to depend on activation of NMDA receptors. In the present study, horses identified as cribbers and volunteered by their owners were treated with the NMDA receptor antagonist dextromethorphan (DM). When DM was administered via jugular injection (1 mg/kg), eight of nine horses responded with reductions in cribbing rate (CR) compared to baseline, and cribbing was suppressed completely for a period of time in almost half of the horses tested. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved
Activation. --- Activity. --- Basal ganglia. --- Behavior. --- Dextromethorphan. --- Dopamine. --- Endorphins. --- Horse. --- Horses. --- Model. --- Models. --- Nmda receptor antagonist. --- Nmda receptor. --- Nmda receptors. --- Receptor antagonist. --- Receptor. --- Receptors. --- Reduction. --- Release. --- Reward. --- Stereotypic behavior. --- Stereotypic cribbing. --- Stereotypic. --- Stereotypies. --- Stereotypy. --- Stress. --- Striatum. --- Time.
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