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Clozapine. --- Haloperidol. --- Locomotion. --- Mk-801. --- Rat. --- Rats. --- Stereotypies. --- Stereotypy. --- Zotepine.

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Spontaneously stereotyping female and male bank voles were injected daily (except on days assigned for monitoring behaviour) during 3 weeks with placebo, the neurolepticum clozapine or the SSRI antidepressant citalopram. Clozapine blocks dopamine (DA) receptors and acts as a partial serotonin (5-HT) antagonist, while citalopram is a specific 5-HT agonist. Stereotypies in both sexes were left unaffected by clozapine treatment, but citalopram markedly reduced stereotypy levels in females. Animal stereotypies have been widely used in models to provide insight into the underlying pathophysiological processes in human mental disturbances. The present findings highlight the importance of examining sex as a significant variable in evaluating responses to pharmacotherapy, and the demonstrated effect of citalopram indicates that stereotyping female bank voles may be useful in new animal models for human anxiety and mood disorders.

5-ht. --- Activity. --- Animal model. --- Animal-model. --- Animal-models. --- Animal. --- Antidepressant. --- Anxiety. --- Bank vole. --- Bank voles. --- Behaviour. --- Citalopram. --- Clethrionomys-glareolus. --- Clozapine. --- Disorder. --- Dopamine. --- Female. --- Females. --- Human. --- Level. --- Male. --- Model. --- Models. --- Mood disorders. --- Mood. --- Neuroleptica. --- Pharmacotherapy. --- Placebo. --- Receptor. --- Receptors. --- Response. --- Responses. --- Serotonin. --- Sex differences. --- Sex. --- Sexes. --- Ssri. --- Stereotypies. --- Stereotypy. --- Stimulation. --- Treatment. --- Vole. --- Voles.