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This essay takes an inter-American and transpacific look at historical processes of discrimination and exclusion of free Chinese migrants in the Americas from the sixteenth to the twentieth century. The analysis of the correlation between migration, liberalism and racism will allow us to gain a better understanding of the situations of discrimination faced by Asian immigrants and others considered as “non-Whites” in the United States, Europe and other parts of the world. Today, this issue is once again gaining relevance, particularly in light of the xenophobic and anti-Chinese reactions that have arisen with the coronavirus pandemic.

Transnational migration, Chinese overseas, racism, xenophobia, resilience

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This essay takes an inter-American and transpacific look at historical processes of discrimination and exclusion of free Chinese migrants in the Americas from the sixteenth to the twentieth century. The analysis of the correlation between migration, liberalism and racism will allow us to gain a better understanding of the situations of discrimination faced by Asian immigrants and others considered as “non-Whites” in the United States, Europe and other parts of the world. Today, this issue is once again gaining relevance, particularly in light of the xenophobic and anti-Chinese reactions that have arisen with the coronavirus pandemic.

Society & social sciences --- Migration, immigration & emigration --- Transnational migration, Chinese overseas, racism, xenophobia, resilience --- Transnational migration, Chinese overseas, racism, xenophobia, resilience

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Esta publicación, cuyo autor es Joslin Landell-Mills, analiza algunas aplicaciones de estadísticas bancarias internacionales en el contexto de un análisis detallado de los procedimientos de compilación de datos. Está dirigida a usuarios de datos bancarios pero que no necesariamente tienen una sólida formación estadística.

Banks and banking, International -- Statistical methods. --- International finance -- Statistics. --- International finance --- Banks and banking, International --- Statistical methods. --- International banking --- Offshore banking (Finance) --- Transnational banking --- Financial institutions, International --- International monetary system --- International money --- Finance --- International economic relations --- Macroeconomics --- Banks and Banking --- Foreign Exchange --- Central Banks and Their Policies --- Economic & financial crises & disasters --- Banking --- Financial crises --- Central banks --- Currency crises --- Banks and banking, Central