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Over the past three decades, public spending on infrastructure, as a share of GDP, has been on the decline worldwide. Although the link between infrastructure investment and economic growth is not yet fully understood, the quality of infrastructure clearly affects a country's productivity, competitiveness in export markets, and ability to attract foreign investment. This EI explores the following questions: Should countries increase public investment in infrastructure? If the answer is yes, how can they do so in a fiscally responsible manner? Are public-private partnerships a viable alternative?.

Infrastructure --- Public Finance --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: Infrastructures --- Other Public Investment and Capital Stock --- Investment --- Capital --- Intangible Capital --- Capacity --- Debt --- Debt Management --- Sovereign Debt --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- Public finance & taxation --- Macroeconomics --- Public investment and public-private partnerships (PPP) --- Public investment spending --- Public debt --- Expenditure --- Public-private sector cooperation --- Public investments --- Saving and investment --- Debts, Public --- Expenditures, Public --- Brazil

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Reviews causes of poverty in rural areas and presents a policy framework for reducing rural poverty, including through land reform, public works programs, access to credit, physical and social infrastructure, subsidies, and transfer of technology. Identifies key elements for drafting a policy to reduce rural poverty.

Rural poor --- Capacity --- Capital --- Education --- Education: General --- Government Policy --- Income economics --- Infrastructure --- Intangible Capital --- Investment --- Labor economics --- Labor Economics: General --- Labor --- Labour --- Macroeconomics --- Poverty & precarity --- Poverty and Homelessness --- Poverty reduction --- Poverty --- Provision and Effects of Welfare Program --- Saving and investment --- Social Services and Welfare --- Social welfare & social services --- Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty: General --- Bangladesh

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Global growth remains moderate and uneven, and a number of complex forces are shaping the outlook. These include medium- and long-term trends, global shocks, and many country- or region-specific factors. The April 2015 WEO examines the causes and implications of recent trends, including lower oil prices, which are providing a boost to growth globally and in many oil-importing countries but are weighing on activity in oil-exporting countries, and substantial changes in exchange rates for major currencies, reflecting variations in country growth rates and in exchange rate policies and the lower price of oil. Additionally, analytical chapters explore the growth rate of potential output across advanced and emerging market economies, assessing its recent track and likely future course; and the performance of private fixed investment in advanced economies, which has featured prominently in the public policy debate in recent years, focusing on the role of overall economic weakness in accounting for this performance.

Investments: Energy --- Finance: General --- Investments: General --- Macroeconomics --- Production and Operations Management --- Energy: Demand and Supply --- Prices --- General Financial Markets: General (includes Measurement and Data) --- Price Level --- Inflation --- Deflation --- Macroeconomics: Production --- Investment --- Capital --- Intangible Capital --- Capacity --- Finance --- Investment & securities --- International economics --- Economic & financial crises & disasters --- Oil prices --- Emerging and frontier financial markets --- Private investment --- Total factor productivity --- Oil --- Industrial productivity --- Financial services industry --- Saving and investment --- Petroleum industry and trade --- United States