Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Exports --- History --- Sources --- Statistics --- Saint Petersburg (Russia) --- Commerce --- Sources.

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Africa is the world’s poorest continent, but amid all the bad news, there is hope for change. This pamphlet examines the lessons to be learned from some of the more successful economies south of the Sahara, and discusses a policy framework to promote sustainable economic growth and reduce poverty across the region.

Capacity --- Capital --- Debt Management --- Debt --- Debts, Public --- Domestic savings --- Export performance --- Exports and Imports --- Exports --- Government debt management --- Institutions and the Macroeconomy --- Intangible Capital --- International economics --- Investment --- Investments: General --- Macroeconomics --- Macroeconomics: Consumption --- Private investment --- Public finance & taxation --- Public Finance --- Saving and investment --- Saving --- Sovereign Debt --- Structural reforms --- Trade: General --- Wealth

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

KEY ISSUES Context: Solid growth in recent years, supported by high oil prices and output, has boosted living standards. This year, the economy is slowing down, in large part because of weaker domestic and external demand, and regional tensions. Inflation is expected to accelerate temporarily due to the devaluation of the tenge (February 2014). Enhancing the policy architecture and promoting a business environment unencumbered by the state remain key challenges for Kazakhstan to become a dynamic emerging market economy and ensure durable and balanced long-term growth. The recent reappointment of Prime Minister Massimov was accompanied by the authorities’ commitment to speeding up structural reforms. In this context, the government is strengthening its links with the multilateral development banks (MDBs). The May 29 signing of the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU), with Russia and Belarus, is not expected to have near-term economic effects; medium-term effects will depend on how the Union’s rules and regulations will be implemented. Focus of consultation and key recommendations: Amid uncertain external and domestic environments, the consultation focused on policy measures to mitigate shocks and achieve the authorities’ short- and medium-term objectives, in particular: (i) restoring confidence and stability in the post-devaluation environment; (ii) resolving the nonperforming loans (NPL) problem, in line with the recent FSAP recommendations; (iii) bolstering the monetary and fiscal policy frameworks, as recommended last year; and (iv) accelerating structural reforms, including the implementation of industrialization and diversification policies carefully and transparently. Previous consultation: During the 2013 Article IV Consultation, Directors encouraged the authorities to take advantage of the positive outlook to strengthen the macroeconomic policy architecture, including by (i) showing greater determination to addressing the high level of NPLs; (ii) following through on the planned introduction of a new policy interest rate to enhance the transmission mechanism of monetary policy; and (iii) revamping the medium-term fiscal framework through improved coverage and transparency. Since then, the authorities have been more resolute in dealing with the NPL problem. However, progress in strengthening the monetary and fiscal policy frameworks has been slow.

Banking --- Banks and Banking --- Banks and banking --- Banks --- Currency --- Depository Institutions --- Energy: General --- Exchange rates --- Exports and Imports --- Exports --- Fiscal Policy --- Fiscal policy --- Foreign Exchange --- Foreign exchange --- International economics --- Investment & securities --- Investments: Energy --- Macroeconomics --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Oil --- Petroleum industry and trade --- Public Finance --- Trade: General --- Kazakhstan, Republic of

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

The IMF’s World Economic Outlook is packed with country specific facts, figures, and worldwide projections that present the outlook for growth, inflation, trade, and other economic developments in a clear, practical format. Leading international economists pull together the latest data on key topics, producing informed projections and policy analyses that show where the global economy is headed in the years to come. Business executives, policymakers, bankers, investors, marketing strategists, and economists worldwide refer to the WEO with confidence because it delivers a balanced view of the current economic situation, built upon the respected and extensive macroeconomic expertise and statistical resources of the IMF. The WEO is the product of a unique international exercise in information gathering and analysis performed by over 1,000 economists on the IMF staff. An annual subscription to the World Economic Outlook, published at least twice a year in English, French, Spanish, and Arabic, offers a comprehensive assessment of the international economic situation as well as prospects for the future. With its analyses backed by the expertise and unparalleled resources of the IMF, the World Economic Outlook is the authoritative reference in its field. Today, when even small economic fluctuations can trigger major financial swings, the WEO supplies a solid source of actionable information and data.

Exports and Imports --- Finance: General --- Inflation --- Macroeconomics --- Production and Operations Management --- General Financial Markets: General (includes Measurement and Data) --- Macroeconomics: Production --- Price Level --- Deflation --- Commodity Markets --- Trade: General --- International economics --- Finance --- Investment & securities --- Corporate governance --- role & responsibilities of boards & directors --- Emerging and frontier financial markets --- Productivity --- Commodity prices --- Total factor productivity --- Prices --- Financial services industry --- Industrial productivity --- Balance of payments --- Exports --- United States --- Role & responsibilities of boards & directors

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

The Balance of Payments Textbook, like the Balance of Payments Compilation Guide, is a companion document to the fifth edition of the Balance of Payments Manual. The Textbook provides illustrative examples and applications of concepts, definitions, classifications, and conventions contained in the Manual and affords compilers with opportunities for enhancing their understanding of the relevant parts of the Manual. The Textbook is one of the main reference materials for training courses in balance of payments methodology.

Banking --- Banks and Banking --- Credit --- Current Account Adjustment --- Exports and Imports --- Finance --- Financial account --- Financial Instruments --- Foreign direct investment --- Foreign exchange reserves --- Income --- Institutional Investors --- Insurance --- International economics --- International finance --- International Investment --- Investments, Foreign --- Long-term Capital Movements --- Macroeconomics --- Monetary economics --- Monetary Policy --- Money and Monetary Policy --- Non-bank Financial Institutions --- Pension Funds --- Reserve assets --- Short-term Capital Movements --- Trade: General --- United States