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"Żaden region w Europie nie przyciąga tak wiele uwagi, ani w sensie pozytywnym, ani negatywnym, jak Bałkany. Dlaczego? Przyjrzawszy się historii i kulturze regionu, nieodwołalnie dochodzimy do absurdalnego wniosku o tym, że podobieństwa dzielą. Narody myślące podobnie za wszelką cenę usiłują być różne. Takie właśnie są Bałkany. [...] Co więcej, Bałkany (zwłaszcza tzw. Bałkany Zachodnie) wciąż stanowią poligon, na którym możemy obserwować na bieżąco działanie procesów konwergencyjnych w sferze mentalności i struktur językowych, przy pomocy których kategoryzuje się pojęcia" (Z "Wprowadzenia"). "Nowe treści, będące efektem badań naukowych autorek, to przede wszystkim całościowe opracowanie fonetyki bałkańskiej, znacznie odbiegające od fragmentarycznych ujęć klasycznych i przynoszące inną klasyfikację regionów i nieprezentowane dotąd szczegóły; wyjaśnienie pojęcia "Bałkany historyczne" i "Bałkany kulturowo-mentalne"; sformułowanie ich cech dystynktywnych i zestawienie ich zasięgów z "Bałkanami językowymi". Dajemy też propozycję metodologii przydatnej w opisie różnych zjawisk arealnych, wynikającą bezpośrednio ze specyficznego charakteru konwergencji w ramach ligi językowej" ("Od Autorek").

Balkan Peninsula --- Civilization. --- Economic conditions. --- Language studies --- Language and Literature Studies --- South Slavic Languages

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Bartholomew of Bydgoszcz was among the most outstanding early 16th century Bydgoszcz Friars Minor of the Observance. He authored six manuscripts, totalling over 2,600 pages. His Latin-Polish dictionaries of 1532 and 1544 contain Polish material which is so rich that the works are considered the most extensive collections of Polish vocabulary from the first half of the 16th century. The 1532 manuscript (entitled Vocabularius ex Calepino, Breviloquo et Mamotrecto recollectus) counts 257 leaves and contains 4,276 Polish words as equivalents to 4,488 Latin entries. Bartholomew’s second lexicon took on the form of notes on the margins of the famous 600-page-long 15th century Latin dictionary of Johann Reuchlin (Vocabularius breviloquus, Argentine 1488). In this second work, Batholomew lists Polish equivalents for over 11,000 Latin entries. Altogether, this listing covers around 7,000 new words that were absent from the 1532 dictionary. Bartholomew’s lexicons include Polish words from various spheres of life. Apart from basic vocabulary, they feature abundant specialist lexis, represented by philosophical, theological, naturalist and medical, legal, maritime, grammar and biblical terminology. Both dictionaries bring together not only rich Polish and Latin language material but also numerous idiosyncratic entries, not attested in such voluminous works as Słownik polszczyzny XVI wieku [Dictionary of 16th century Polish language] or Słownik łaciny średniowiecznej w Polsce [Dictionary of medieval Latin in Poland]. The dictionaries by Bartholomew of Bydgoszcz were not intended for print. They served as, among other things, textbooks in the school of philosophy at his monastery in Bydgoszcz and an encyclopaedia of his contemporary world, summarising information from various fields of science and of practice, like preparation of medicines. This complete “reversed” Polish-Latin version of Bartholomew's dictionary, published by the Institute of Slavic Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, in 1999-2019 features more than 10,600 Polish words (entries).

Slavs --- Slavic philology --- Slavic countries --- Poland --- Imprints. --- Language and Literature Studies --- Theoretical Linguistics --- Historical Linguistics

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In “Quantification and modal problems in the Lithuanian dialect of Puńsk (with reference to literary Polish and Lithuanian)”, Danuta Roszko describes the Puńsk dialect of Lithuanian, which remains in constant interaction with both Lithuanian and Polish, using a novel research methodology of theoretical contrastive studies (teoretyczne badania konfrontatywne, or TBK). “It is widely accepted that the use of TBK in dialectal research will contribute to a fuller description of dialects […] allowing for overcoming the barriers posed by formal structures of the dialect. It will also make semantic aspects […] a focal point of dialectologist research. […] TBK will allow for objective studies into any dialect; in the case of the discussed Puńsk dialect, it will also make possible to relate the present state of the dialect, as revealed in research, to both Polish and Lithuanian simultaneously. This will enable us to confirm the dialectal archaisms and innovation in relation to literary Lithuanian as well as to identify the dialectal features whose emergence might have been a result of the interaction between this Lithuanian dialects and the neighbouring Suwalskie-Podlasie dialects of Polish” (from pp. 14–15).

Lithuanian language --- Grammar, Comparative --- Dialects --- Lithuanian and Polish. --- Polish and Lithuanian. --- Baltic languages --- Language and Literature Studies --- Applied Linguistics

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"Belarusian dialectology" is a study which provides the reader with reliable, up-to-date and research-based information about Belarusian dialects, their origin, range and diversification. The authors' aim is to show the reader the richness and diversity of Belarusian dialects, their position and role in the culture and life of contemporary people as well as current language tendencies in Belarus.

Names, Geographical --- Names, Personal --- Language studies --- Language and Literature Studies --- Applied Linguistics --- Descriptive linguistics --- Eastern Slavic Languages

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The publication is the result of the research project APPROVAL (Adaptation, Perception and Reception of Verbal Loans) on the adaptation of foreign words in Polish and Czech. It analyses loanwords proving that cultural contacts across the borders and languages existed and the languages took over words during their historical development and did not inherit them from their protolanguage. The book combines a linguistics and psycholinguistics approach and has two versions: Polish and Czech.

Language and languages --- Polish language --- Czech language --- Foreign words and phrases. --- Grammar, Comparative --- Czech. --- Polish. --- Language and Literature Studies --- Theoretical Linguistics --- Studies of Literature --- Semantics --- Czech Literature --- Philology