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Phoenix dactylifera --- Varieties --- population genetics --- Germplasm conservation --- Tunisia

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GERMPLASM --- GERMPLASM CONSERVATION --- BIOTECHNOLOGY --- GREEN REVOLUTION --- SEED BANKS --- GENETIC RESOURCES --- NATURAL RESOURCES --- POLICIES

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Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp., commonly named cowpea or "niébé", is one of the main food and forage legumes in the African continent, from where it is originating. Within the V. unguiculata complex, three groups are considered : the cultivated forms, the spontaneous annuals forms both, genetically related and the spontaneous perennial forms. The latter present a very large genetic diversity but have not yet been tested and integrated in breeding programmes. Our work contributes significantly to a better knowledge of plant genetic resources of V. unguiculata in Africa and shows the possibilities to obtain new sources of genetic variability, especially to overcome crop pests and diseases. Two studies were undertaken in the framework of our research. Cultivated forms of V. unguiculata collected in traditional farming systems in Algeria (North mountains of Kabylia and oasis) revealed, on the basis of isozymatic electrophoresis, a low genetic diversity as it is the case for the whole cultivated forms of the food legume in the African continent. However, the conservation of these traditional landraces became urgent before they are completely lost. Future investigations should consider the exploitation of this material for their drought resistance potential, especially in the Saharian landraces, well adapted to arid environment. Study of F1 hybrids behaviour has allowed us to check hypothesis concerning the gene pool organization of the food legume and to suggest a strategy of improvement based upon the exploitation of wild forms.

Vigna unguiculata --- Crops --- Wild plants --- Perennials --- Gene pools --- population genetics --- Germplasm conservation --- F1 hybrids --- cytogenetics

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Phaseolus lunatus --- Biodiversity --- genetic resources --- Genetic stability --- genetic markers --- microsatellites --- Germplasm conservation

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Phaseolus lunatus --- biological development --- seed dispersal --- population genetics --- Germplasm --- plant population --- Germplasm conservation --- Costa Rica