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eebo-0018

Protestants --- Catholic Church --- Vilna (Poland) --- Church history

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A legendary figure in his own lifetime, Rabbi Eliahu ben Shlomo Zalman (1720-1797) was known as the "Gaon of Vilna." He was the acknowledged master of Talmudic studies in the vibrant intellectual center of Vilna, revered throughout Eastern Europe for his learning and his ability to traverse with ease seemingly opposed domains of thought and activity. After his death, the myth that had been woven around him became even more powerful and was expressed in various public images. The formation of these images was influenced as much by the needs and wishes of those who clung to and depended on them as by the actual figure of the Gaon. In this penetrating study, Immanuel Etkes sheds light on aspects of the Vilna Gaon's "real" character and traces several public images of him as they have developed and spread from the early nineteenth century until the present.

Hasidism --- Rabbis --- Chasidism --- Hassidism --- Jewish sects --- Jewish rabbis --- Clergy --- Jewish scholars --- Judaism --- History --- Functionaries --- Elijah ben Solomon, --- Gra, --- Ha-Gra, --- Vilniaus Gaonas, --- Kremeris, Elijas Zalmanas, --- Elijah, --- Gera, --- ha-Gera, --- Elijah ben Solomon Zalman, --- Eliyahu, --- Elijah Gaon, --- Vilna Gaon, --- Gaon, Elijah, --- Wilner Gaon, --- Gaon of Vilna, --- Solomon, Elijah ben, --- Solomon Zalman, Elijah ben, --- Eliyahu ben Shelomoh, --- Shelomoh, Eliyahu ben, --- Eliyahu ben Shelomoh Zalman, --- Shelomoh Zalman, Eliyahu ben, --- Vilna, Gaon of, --- Wilna, Elijah of, --- Vilna, Elijah ben Solomon, --- Ṿilna, Eliyahu mi-, --- Kramer, Eliyahu, --- Eliohu, --- Wilner Goen, --- Gaʼon, --- אילהו בן שלמה, --- אךיהו גאון וחסיד מווילנא --- אלוהו בן שלמה, --- אליה בן שלמה --- אליה בן שלמה, --- אליהו בן סולומון --- אליהו בן סולומון, --- אליהו בן סלומון, --- אליהו בן שלומה, --- אליהו בן שלומו --- אליהו בן שלמה --- אליהו בן שלמה זלמן --- אליהו בן שלמה זלמן, --- אליהו בן שלמה, הגאון מווילנא, --- אליהו בן שלמה, --- אליהו בר שלמה --- אליהו חסידא מווילמא --- אליהו מווילנא --- אליהו מווילנא, --- אליהו מווילנה --- אליהו מוילנא --- אליהו מוילנה --- אליהוה בן שלמה, --- אליהו, --- אליוה, --- אלי׳ מווילנא, --- אלי׳, --- ברי״ף, שמואל, --- גאון מוילנה --- גאון, --- גרא, --- Influence. --- Vilnius (Lithuania) --- Wilno (Lithuania) --- Vilʹna (Lithuania) --- Vilʹnia (Lithuania) --- Вільня (Lithuania) --- Vilnius, Lithuanian S.S.R. --- Ṿilnah (Lithuania) --- Ṿilne (Lithuania) --- Vilʹno (Lithuania) --- Vilniaus miesto savivaldybė --- Vilnius City Municipality --- Vilna (Poland) --- authority. --- biography. --- disciples. --- divine. --- eastern europe. --- eliahu ben shlomo zalman. --- etkes. --- gain of vilna. --- jewish authors. --- jewish leaders. --- jewish life. --- jewish. --- jewry. --- judaica. --- judaism. --- kahal. --- medieval. --- nonfiction. --- rabbi scholar. --- rabbi. --- rabbinic studies. --- religion. --- religious belief. --- religious history. --- religious leaders. --- religious men. --- talmud. --- talmudic studies. --- torah. --- vilna.

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In the mid-seventeenth century, Wilno (Vilnius), the second capital of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, was home to Poles, Lithuanians, Germans, Ruthenians, Jews, and Tatars, who worshiped in Catholic, Uniate, Orthodox, Calvinist, and Lutheran churches, one synagogue, and one mosque. Visitors regularly commented on the relatively peaceful coexistence of this bewildering array of peoples, languages, and faiths. In Kith, Kin, and Neighbors, David Frick shows how Wilno's inhabitants navigated and negotiated these differences in their public and private lives.This remarkable book opens with a walk through the streets of Wilno, offering a look over the royal quartermaster's shoulder as he made his survey of the city's intramural houses in preparation for King Wladyslaw IV's visit in 1636. These surveys (Lustrations) provide concise descriptions of each house within the city walls that, in concert with court and church records, enable Frick to accurately discern Wilno's neighborhoods and human networks, ascertain the extent to which such networks were bounded confessionally and culturally, determine when citizens crossed these boundaries, and conclude which kinds of cross-confessional constellations were more likely than others. These maps provide the backdrops against which the dramas of Wilno lives played out: birth, baptism, education, marriage, separation or divorce, guild membership, poor relief, and death and funeral practices. Perhaps the most complete reconstruction ever written of life in an early modern European city, Kith, Kin, and Neighbors sets a new standard for urban history and for work on the religious and communal life of Eastern Europe.

Europe. --- Urban Studies. --- HISTORY / Europe / Baltic States. --- Vilnius (Lithuania) --- Wilno (Lithuania) --- Vilʹna (Lithuania) --- Vilʹnia (Lithuania) --- Вільня (Lithuania) --- Vilnius, Lithuanian S.S.R. --- Ṿilnah (Lithuania) --- Ṿilne (Lithuania) --- Vilʹno (Lithuania) --- Vilniaus miesto savivaldybė --- Vilnius City Municipality --- Vilna (Poland) --- Religion --- Social life and customs --- History

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"This gripping and well-documented account of the history of the town of Vilnius and its surrounding region from the Polish ultimatum of March 1938, which forced Lithuania to open diplomatic relations with Poland, to the incorporation of Lithuania into the Soviet Union in June 1940 is set against the evolution of Lithuania's relations with her neighbours during this crucial period. It is a major contribution to the outbreak of war in September 1939 and the subsequent evolution of Nazi Soviet relations. Prof. Liekis presents a remarkable history based on archival sources never before utilized in any English-language study. In revealing the geopolitical, ideological, economic, social and ethnic dimensions of an immense tragedy in the heart of Europe, the author provides a new perspective on the unraveling of a society and nation during the initial days of World War II as prelude to the most violent period in European history."--Publisher's description.

Vilnius, Battle of, Vilnius, Lithuania, 1939. --- Jews --- Polish people --- Jews. --- Polish people. --- Hebrews --- Israelites --- Jewish people --- Jewry --- Judaic people --- Judaists --- Ethnology --- Religious adherents --- Semites --- Judaism --- Jewish question --- Poles --- World War, 1939-1945 --- History --- Campaigns --- Vilnius, Battle of (Lithuania : 1939) --- 1900-1999 --- Vilnius (Lithuania) --- Lithuania --- Wilno (Lithuania) --- Vilʹna (Lithuania) --- Vilʹnia (Lithuania) --- Вільня (Lithuania) --- Vilnius, Lithuanian S.S.R. --- Ṿilnah (Lithuania) --- Ṿilne (Lithuania) --- Vilʹno (Lithuania) --- Vilniaus miesto savivaldybė --- Vilnius City Municipality --- Vilna (Poland) --- Lithuanian S.S.R. --- Poland --- Vilniaus miesto savivaldyb --- Politics and government --- Ethnic relations

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"'A Mortuary of Books' explores Jewish culture after the World War II."-- In March 1946 the American Military Government for Germany established the Offenbach Archival Depot near Frankfurt to store, identify, and restore the huge quantities of Nazi-looted books, archival material, and ritual objects that Army members had found hidden in German caches. These items bore testimony to the cultural genocide that accompanied the Nazis' systematic acts of mass murder. The depot built a short-lived lieu de memoire--a "mortuary of books," as the later renowned historian Lucy Dawidowicz called it--with over three million books of Jewish origin coming from nineteen different European countries awaiting restitution. A Mortuary of Books tells the miraculous story of the many Jewish organizations and individuals who, after the war, sought to recover this looted cultural property and return the millions of treasured objects to their rightful owners. Some of the most outstanding Jewish intellectuals of the twentieth century, including Dawidowicz, Hannah Arendt, Salo W. Baron, and Gershom Scholem, were involved in this herculean effort. This led to the creation of Jewish Cultural Reconstruction Inc., an international body that acted as the Jewish trustee for heirless property in the American Zone and transferred hundreds of thousands of objects from the Depot to the new centers of Jewish life after the Holocaust. The commitment of these individuals to the restitution of cultural property revealed the importance of cultural objects as symbols of the enduring legacy of those who could not be saved. It also fostered Jewish culture and scholarly life in the postwar world. --

Jewish property --- World War, 1939-1945 --- Cultural property --- Jews --- Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) --- Hebrew imprints --- Jewish libraries --- History --- Destruction and pillage --- Repatriation --- Civilization. --- Hessen --- Israel --- Europe. --- Israel. --- United States. --- Adolf Eichmann. --- American Jewish Congress. --- American Military Government in Germany. --- Berlin. --- Cecil Roth. --- Central Collecting Points. --- Commission on European Jewish Cultural Reconstruction. --- Committee on the Restoration of Continental Jewish Museums, Libraries, and Archives. --- Eichmann trial. --- Frankfurt Agreement. --- Frankfurt. --- Gegenwartsarbeit. --- Gershom Scholem. --- Gesamtarchiv. --- Hannah Arendt. --- Hugo Bergman. --- Jewish Cultural Reconstruction, Inc. --- Jewish Cultural Reconstruction, Inc. (JCR). --- Jewish Cultural Reconstruction. --- Jewish Restitution Successor Organization (JRSO). --- Jewish collections. --- Jewish identity. --- Jewish intellectuals. --- Joshua Starr. --- Judah Magnes. --- Lucy S. Dawidowicz. --- Nuremberg. --- Offenbach Archival Depot. --- Otzrot HaGolah. --- Paper Brigade. --- Salo W. Baron. --- Salo Wittmayer Baron. --- Shlomo Shunami. --- Vilna. --- Wiesbaden Depot. --- World Jewish Congress. --- World Zionist Organization. --- YIVO. --- Yiddish Scientific Institute (YIVO). --- book-restitution operation. --- cultural restitution. --- diaspora. --- displaced persons camps (DP camps). --- heirless cultural property. --- historical consciousness. --- looting. --- memory objects. --- post-war Europe. --- postwar history. --- reconstruction. --- reparations. --- restitution.