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Algebraic geometry --- Congruence lattices --- Treillis de congruences --- Congruence lattices. --- 51 <082.1> --- Mathematics--Series --- Lattice theory

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For years now, brands have been increasingly present in everyday life. Consumers no longer buy out of necessity but because they perceive a symbolic value in a product or brand and therefore want to express their self-concept. These changes in consumer behaviour result in the creation of a consumer-brand relationships where the brand is considered as a full member. The consumer personifies the brand and is able to describe it with personality traits as if it was a real person. For their part, companies have well understood the advantage of having a brand personality. Indeed, studies have shown that brand personality is one of the elements that generates brand preference, brand commitment and even brand loyalty. &#13;Based on Sirgy's theory of self-image/product-image Congruence (1982) that shows that consumers buy products the image of which is close to their self-image, it is consistent to ask whether there might be such a congruence between the personality of the brand and the personality of the consumer. This is the stated hypothesis of this research. Moreover, as brand personality is predictive of favourable attitudes and behaviours towards the brand, such as brand loyalty, it is worth considering that whether the potential congruence of personalities would have a predictive effect on the brand loyalty relationship. The research focused on green brands and more specifically organic brands in view of the strong values associated with green consumption. &#13;For this purpose, a quantitative survey was carried out in Wallonia among consumers around 5 organic brands: Alpro Bio, Pur Natur, Côte d'or Bio, Café Liégeois Bio and Ginette Beer. After collecting a sample of 280 people, statistical analyses (factor analysis, Student t-test and regression analysis) were carried out.&#13;The results show a very strong congruence of consumer/green-brand personalities on different personality dimensions and more particularly on Conscientiousness and Fallaciousness dimensions. However, this personality compatibility has only a very weak direct predictive power on the different stages of brand loyalty. &#13;The contribution of this research is twofold. First, it reinforces previous researches in the field of congruence. It confirms the importance of the personality congruence perception on the purchase decision. On the other hand, with regard to brand loyalty, it gives a more nuanced picture of the personality congruence predictive effect.&#13;Then, in a managerial way, it highlights the dimensions of personalities that are most salient for the consumer to help green brand managers in their decisions.

brand personality --- brand loyalty --- personality congruence --- green brands --- organic brands --- Sciences économiques & de gestion > Marketing

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In der aktuellen Kontaktlinguistik wurden überwiegend Sprachen in Kontakt betrachtet, die genetisch nicht verwandt und strukturell distant sind. Der vorliegende Sammelband setzt sich zum Ziel, mit einem Schwerpunkt im Bereich der romanischen und slavischen Sprachen die Bedeutung von bereits zu Beginn des Kontakts vorhandenen Effekten der strukturellen Kongruenz zwischen den beteiligten Sprachen zu beleuchten. Dabei spielen ererbte wie auch typologische Ähnlichkeiten eine Rolle. Modern contact linguistics has primarily focused on contact between languages that are genetically unrelated and structurally distant. This compendium of articles looks instead at the effects of pre-existing structural congruency between the affected languages at the time of their initial contact, using the Romance and Slavic languages as examples. In contact of this kind, both genetic and typological similarities play a part.

Sociolinguistics --- Dialectology --- Languages in contact. --- Language and languages --- Typology (Linguistics) --- Variation. --- Typology (Linguistics). --- Grammar, Comparative and general --- Linguistic typology --- Linguistics --- Linguistic universals --- Characterology of speech --- Language diversity --- Language subsystems --- Language variation --- Linguistic diversity --- Variation in language --- Areal linguistics --- Typology --- Classification --- Congruence. --- Convergence. --- Language Contact. --- Romance Languages. --- Slavic Languages.

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This is a self-contained exposition by one of the leading experts in lattice theory, George Grätzer, presenting the major results of the last 70 years on congruence lattices of finite lattices, featuring the author's signature Proof-by-Picture method. Key features: * Insightful discussion of techniques to construct "nice" finite lattices with given congruence lattices and "nice" congruence-preserving extensions * Contains complete proofs, an extensive bibliography and index, and over 140 illustrations * This new edition includes two new parts on Planar Semimodular Lattices and The Order of Principle Congruences, covering the research of the last 10 years The book is appropriate for a one-semester graduate course in lattice theory, and it is a practical reference for researchers studying lattices. Reviews of the first edition: "There exist a lot of interesting results in this area of lattice theory, and some of them are presented in this book. [This] monograph…is an exceptional work in lattice theory, like all the contributions by this author. … The way this book is written makes it extremely interesting for the specialists in the field but also for the students in lattice theory. Moreover, the author provides a series of companion lectures which help the reader to approach the Proof-by-Picture sections." (Cosmin Pelea, Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai Mathematica, Vol. LII (1), 2007) "The book is self-contained, with many detailed proofs presented that can be followed step-by-step. [I]n addition to giving the full formal details of the proofs, the author chooses a somehow more pedagogical way that he calls Proof-by-Picture, somehow related to the combinatorial (as opposed to algebraic) nature of many of the presented results. I believe that this book is a much-needed tool for any mathematician wishing a gentle introduction to the field of congruences representations of finite lattices, with emphasis on the more 'geometric' aspects." —Mathematical Reviews.

Mathematics. --- Algebra. --- Ordered algebraic structures. --- Mathematical logic. --- Number theory. --- Probabilities. --- Order, Lattices, Ordered Algebraic Structures. --- Mathematical Logic and Foundations. --- Probability Theory and Stochastic Processes. --- Number Theory. --- Probability --- Statistical inference --- Number study --- Numbers, Theory of --- Algebra of logic --- Logic, Universal --- Mathematical logic --- Symbolic and mathematical logic --- Symbolic logic --- Algebraic structures, Ordered --- Structures, Ordered algebraic --- Math --- Logic, Symbolic and mathematical. --- Distribution (Probability theory. --- Algebra --- Mathematics --- Mathematical analysis --- Distribution functions --- Frequency distribution --- Characteristic functions --- Probabilities --- Algebra, Abstract --- Metamathematics --- Set theory --- Syllogism --- Congruence lattices. --- Combinations --- Chance --- Least squares --- Mathematical statistics --- Risk

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This work introduces tools from the field of category theory that make it possible to tackle a number of representation problems that have remained unsolvable to date (e.g. the determination of the range of a given functor). The basic idea is: if a functor lifts many objects, then it also lifts many (poset-indexed) diagrams.

Functor theory --- Partially ordered sets --- Lattice theory --- Congruence lattices --- Algebra, Boolean --- Algebraic logic --- Mathematics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Mathematical Theory --- Algebra --- Algebra, Boolean. --- Algebraic logic. --- Boolean algebra --- Boole's algebra --- Mathematics. --- Algebra. --- Category theory (Mathematics). --- Homological algebra. --- K-theory. --- Ordered algebraic structures. --- Mathematical logic. --- Category Theory, Homological Algebra. --- General Algebraic Systems. --- Order, Lattices, Ordered Algebraic Structures. --- Mathematical Logic and Foundations. --- K-Theory. --- Algebra of logic --- Logic, Universal --- Mathematical logic --- Symbolic and mathematical logic --- Symbolic logic --- Algebra, Abstract --- Metamathematics --- Set theory --- Syllogism --- Algebraic structures, Ordered --- Structures, Ordered algebraic --- Algebraic topology --- Homology theory --- Homological algebra --- Category theory (Mathematics) --- Algebra, Homological --- Algebra, Universal --- Group theory --- Logic, Symbolic and mathematical --- Topology --- Mathematical analysis --- Math --- Science --- Logic, Symbolic and mathematical.