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Epidemiology --- Epidemiology. --- Case-Control Studies. --- Cohort Studies. --- Research Design.

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This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license.  This volume describes and explains the educational method of Case-Based Clinical Reasoning (CBCR) used successfully in medical schools to prepare students to think like doctors before they enter the clinical arena and become engaged in patient care. Although this approach poses the paradoxical problem of a lack of clinical experience that is so essential for building proficiency in clinical reasoning, CBCR is built on the premise that solving clinical problems involves the ability to reason about disease processes. This requires knowledge of anatomy and the working and pathology of organ systems, as well as the ability to regard patient problems as patterns and compare them with instances of illness scripts of patients the clinician has seen in the past and stored in memory. CBCR stimulates the development of early, rudimentary illness scripts through elaboration and systematic discussion of the courses of action from the initial presentation of the patient to the final steps of clinical management. The book combines general backgrounds of clinical reasoning education and assessment with a detailed elaboration of the CBCR method for application in any medical curriculum, either as a mandatory or as an elective course. It consists of three parts: a general introduction to clinical reasoning education, application of the CBCR method, and cases that can used by educators to try out this method.

Education. --- Curriculums (Courses of study). --- Education --- Medical education. --- Medical Education. --- Curriculum Studies. --- Professional & Vocational Education. --- Curricula. --- Medical personnel --- Professional education --- Core curriculum --- Courses of study --- Curricula (Courses of study) --- Curriculums (Courses of study) --- Schools --- Study, Courses of --- Instructional systems --- Children --- Education, Primitive --- Education of children --- Human resource development --- Instruction --- Pedagogy --- Schooling --- Students --- Youth --- Civilization --- Learning and scholarship --- Mental discipline --- Teaching --- Training --- Curricula --- Curriculum planning. --- Curriculum development --- Planning --- Design --- Education—Curricula. --- Professional education. --- Vocational education. --- Education, Vocational --- Vocational training --- Work experience --- Technical education --- Education, Professional --- Career education --- Education, Higher --- Education, Medical --- Clinical Decision-Making. --- Case-Control Studies. --- Curriculum. --- methods. --- Short-Term Courses --- Course, Short-Term --- Courses, Short-Term --- Short Term Courses --- Short-Term Course --- Case Control Studies --- Case-Compeer Studies --- Case-Referrent Studies --- Case-Base Studies --- Case-Comparison Studies --- Case-Referent Studies --- Matched Case-Control Studies --- Nested Case-Control Studies --- Case Base Studies --- Case Comparison Studies --- Case Control Study --- Case Referent Studies --- Case Referrent Studies --- Case-Comparison Study --- Case-Control Studies, Matched --- Case-Control Studies, Nested --- Case-Control Study --- Case-Control Study, Matched --- Case-Control Study, Nested --- Case-Referent Study --- Case-Referrent Study --- Matched Case Control Studies --- Matched Case-Control Study --- Nested Case Control Studies --- Nested Case-Control Study --- Studies, Case Control --- Studies, Case-Base --- Studies, Case-Comparison --- Studies, Case-Compeer --- Studies, Case-Control --- Studies, Case-Referent --- Studies, Case-Referrent --- Studies, Matched Case-Control --- Studies, Nested Case-Control --- Study, Case Control --- Study, Case-Comparison --- Study, Case-Control --- Study, Case-Referent --- Study, Case-Referrent --- Study, Matched Case-Control --- Study, Nested Case-Control --- Medical Decision-Making --- Clinical Decision Making --- Decision-Making, Clinical --- Decision-Making, Medical --- Medical Decision Making --- assessment of clinical reasoning --- diagnostic bias --- diagnostic errors --- dual process theory --- scripts --- medical problem-solving --- peer teaching --- problem-based learning --- semantic qualifiers

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In the past several years, the otorhinolaryngology sector has had a significantimpact on social life. About 10% of the cancers that affect the populationannually concern the head and neck, and each year the guidelines evolve andchange.Emergencies of the otolaryngology sector are among the most common, withnumerous increases in hospitalizations in the ENT department (e.g., bleeding,abscesses, and dyspnoea). Interventions in the election can significantly improvepatients' quality of life and help avoid future complications.Given the importance of the medical and surgical branch of otorhinolaryngology,we want to underline the impact in social life of this important area.

Medicine --- anemia --- hearing loss --- auditory threshold shifts --- pure tone average --- pneumoparotid --- pneumoparotitis --- parotitis --- Stensen’s duct --- head and neck --- endomeatal approach --- cochlear implant --- posterior tympanotomy --- tinnitus --- without mastoidectomy --- quality of life assessment --- tracheoesophageal speech --- tracheo-esophageal puncture --- OSA --- pharyngoplasty --- sleep surgery --- pharynx --- dextromethorphan --- noise --- cochlea --- synapse --- eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD) --- chronic nasal obstruction --- turbinate hypertrophy --- ETDQ-7 --- susac syndrome --- multimodal imaging --- optical coherence tomography angiography --- retinal branch artery occlusion --- fluorescein angiography --- otitis media with effusion --- child --- biofilms --- ameloblastoma --- ameloblastic carcinoma --- nestin --- CD138 --- syndecan-1 --- alpha-SMA --- stemness markers --- total thyroidectomy --- recurrent laryngeal nerve paresis --- Voice Handicap Index --- speech range profile --- acute acoustic trauma --- noise induced hearing loss --- hyperbaric oxygen therapy --- Ménière’s disease --- chronic obstructive pulmonary disease --- risk factors --- case–control studies --- cohort studies --- anemia --- hearing loss --- auditory threshold shifts --- pure tone average --- pneumoparotid --- pneumoparotitis --- parotitis --- Stensen’s duct --- head and neck --- endomeatal approach --- cochlear implant --- posterior tympanotomy --- tinnitus --- without mastoidectomy --- quality of life assessment --- tracheoesophageal speech --- tracheo-esophageal puncture --- OSA --- pharyngoplasty --- sleep surgery --- pharynx --- dextromethorphan --- noise --- cochlea --- synapse --- eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD) --- chronic nasal obstruction --- turbinate hypertrophy --- ETDQ-7 --- susac syndrome --- multimodal imaging --- optical coherence tomography angiography --- retinal branch artery occlusion --- fluorescein angiography --- otitis media with effusion --- child --- biofilms --- ameloblastoma --- ameloblastic carcinoma --- nestin --- CD138 --- syndecan-1 --- alpha-SMA --- stemness markers --- total thyroidectomy --- recurrent laryngeal nerve paresis --- Voice Handicap Index --- speech range profile --- acute acoustic trauma --- noise induced hearing loss --- hyperbaric oxygen therapy --- Ménière’s disease --- chronic obstructive pulmonary disease --- risk factors --- case–control studies --- cohort studies

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In the past several years, the otorhinolaryngology sector has had a significantimpact on social life. About 10% of the cancers that affect the populationannually concern the head and neck, and each year the guidelines evolve andchange.Emergencies of the otolaryngology sector are among the most common, withnumerous increases in hospitalizations in the ENT department (e.g., bleeding,abscesses, and dyspnoea). Interventions in the election can significantly improvepatients' quality of life and help avoid future complications.Given the importance of the medical and surgical branch of otorhinolaryngology,we want to underline the impact in social life of this important area.

Medicine --- anemia --- hearing loss --- auditory threshold shifts --- pure tone average --- pneumoparotid --- pneumoparotitis --- parotitis --- Stensen’s duct --- head and neck --- endomeatal approach --- cochlear implant --- posterior tympanotomy --- tinnitus --- without mastoidectomy --- quality of life assessment --- tracheoesophageal speech --- tracheo-esophageal puncture --- OSA --- pharyngoplasty --- sleep surgery --- pharynx --- dextromethorphan --- noise --- cochlea --- synapse --- eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD) --- chronic nasal obstruction --- turbinate hypertrophy --- ETDQ-7 --- susac syndrome --- multimodal imaging --- optical coherence tomography angiography --- retinal branch artery occlusion --- fluorescein angiography --- otitis media with effusion --- child --- biofilms --- ameloblastoma --- ameloblastic carcinoma --- nestin --- CD138 --- syndecan-1 --- alpha-SMA --- stemness markers --- total thyroidectomy --- recurrent laryngeal nerve paresis --- Voice Handicap Index --- speech range profile --- acute acoustic trauma --- noise induced hearing loss --- hyperbaric oxygen therapy --- Ménière’s disease --- chronic obstructive pulmonary disease --- risk factors --- case–control studies --- cohort studies