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In 2017 four rivers in Aotearoa New Zealand, India, and Colombia were given the status of legal persons, and there was a recent attempt to extend these rights to the Colorado River in the USA. Understanding the implications of creating legal rights for rivers is an urgent challenge for both water resource management and environmental law. Giving rivers legal rights means the law can see rivers as legal persons, thus creating new legal rights which can then be enforced. When rivers are legally people, does that encourage collaboration and partnership between humans and rivers, or establish rivers as another competitor for scarce resources?To assess what it means to give rivers legal rights and legal personality, this book examines the form and function of environmental water managers (EWMs). These organisations have legal personality, and have been active in water resource management for over two decades. EWMs operate by acquiring water rights from irrigators in rivers where there is insufficient water to maintain ecological health. EWMs can compete with farmers for access to water, but they can also strengthen collaboration between traditionally divergent users of the aquatic environment, such as environmentalists, recreational fishers, hunters, farmers, and hydropower. This book explores how EWMs use the opportunities created by giving nature legal rights, such as the ability to participate in markets, enter contracts, hold property, and enforce those rights in court. However, examination of the EWMs unearths a crucial and unexpected paradox: giving legal rights to nature may increase its legal power, but in doing so it can weaken community support for protecting the environment in the first place. The book develops a new conceptual framework to identify the multiple constructions of the environment in law, and how these constructions can interact to generate these unexpected outcomes. It explores EWMs in the USA and Australia as examples, and assesses the implications of creating legal rights for rivers for water governance. Lessons from the EWMs, as well as early lessons from the new ‘river persons,’ show how to use the law to improve river protection and how to begin to mitigate the problems of the paradox.

Rivers --- Water resources development --- Locus standi --- Law and legislation --- Standing in court --- Parties to actions --- Procedure (Law) --- Rivers - Law and legislation --- Water resources development - Law and legislation

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Water rights (International law) --- Water resources development --- Law and legislation --- United Nations Convention on the Law of International Watercourses --- Law and legislation. --- Water rights (International law). --- Water resources development - Law and legislation

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McIntyre's work explains the legal means by which requirements of environmental protection influence the determination of a reasonable and equitable regime for allocating rights to riparian states to utilize shared freshwater resources.

International rivers. --- Water rights (International law) --- Water --- Water resources development --- Liability for water pollution damages. --- Water pollution damages, Liability for --- Liability (Law) --- Liability for environmental damages --- Torts --- Water quality --- Environmental law --- International law --- Rivers, Right of navigation of --- Rivers --- Pollution --- Law and legislation. --- Law and legislation --- International rivers --- Liability for water pollution damages --- Water - Pollution - Law and legislation --- Water resources development - Law and legislation

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Water rights --- Water resources development --- Water rights (International law) --- Law and legislation --- International cooperation. --- -Water rights (International law) --- -Water resources development --- -#ABIB:dd.Prof.R.Dudal --- #ABIB:FAOdeposit --- Energy development --- Natural resources --- Water-supply --- International law --- Rights, Water --- Water --- Riparian rights --- Water trusts --- International cooperation --- #ABIB:dd.Prof.R.Dudal --- Water rights - Europe. --- Water resources development - Law and legislation - Europe. --- Water resources development - International cooperation.

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The book investigates the role interest groups have played over the years to influence the governments of Lesotho and South Africa, the World Bank and project implementation authorities in changing some policy aspects of the Lesotho Highlands Water Project (LHWP). Some of the issues being agitated by the interest groups are the resettlement of villagers where some of the dams for the projects are being constructed. The author argues that interest groups and individuals have the ability to influence the above-mentioned institutions and to such an extent that water politics and governance is not the domain of state institutions only.

Social Sciences. --- International Relations. --- Water Policy/Water Governance/Water Management. --- Environmental Economics. --- Political Theory. --- Sustainable Development. --- Social sciences. --- Sustainable development. --- Environmental economics. --- Sciences sociales --- Développement durable --- Economie de l'environnement --- Katse Dam (Lesotho). --- Pressure groups -- Lesotho. --- Water resources development -- Government policy -- Lesotho. --- Water resources development -- Law and legislation -- Lesotho. --- Law, Politics & Government --- International Relations --- Water resources development --- Pressure groups --- Government policy --- Law and legislation --- Katse Dam (Lesotho) --- Advocacy groups --- Interest groups --- Political interest groups --- Special interest groups (Pressure groups) --- Political science. --- Environmental management. --- Political theory. --- International relations. --- Political Science and International Relations. --- Functional representation --- Political science --- Representative government and representation --- Lobbying --- Policy networks --- Political action committees --- Social control --- Energy development --- Natural resources --- Water-supply --- Development, Sustainable --- Ecologically sustainable development --- Economic development, Sustainable --- Economic sustainability --- ESD (Ecologically sustainable development) --- Smart growth --- Sustainable development --- Sustainable economic development --- Economic development --- Administration --- Civil government --- Commonwealth, The --- Government --- Political theory --- Political thought --- Politics --- Science, Political --- Social sciences --- State, The --- Economics --- Environmental quality --- Coexistence --- Foreign affairs --- Foreign policy --- Foreign relations --- Global governance --- Interdependence of nations --- International affairs --- Peaceful coexistence --- World order --- National security --- Sovereignty --- World politics --- Environmental aspects --- Economic aspects --- Environmental stewardship --- Stewardship, Environmental --- Environmental sciences --- Management