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Digital humanities. --- Information technology --- Social aspects --- IT (Information technology) --- Technology --- Telematics --- Information superhighway --- Knowledge management --- Humanities --- Data processing --- Text Encoding Initiative. --- Eritrea. --- TEI --- Text Encoding Initiative Consortium --- ʼArtr --- Colonia Eritrea --- Dawlat Iritriy --- Država Eritreja --- Dŭrzhava Eritrei͡ --- Eartra --- Eiritr --- ʼÉretr --- Èritr --- Eritrea Riik --- Eritreako Estatua --- Ėritre --- Eritrei͡ --- Ėritreĭmudin Orn --- Ėritreĭy Paddzakhad --- Eritreja --- Eritrejský stát --- Eritreo --- Eritreya --- Eritreya Dövläti --- Ērtra --- Erythraia --- Érythrée --- Ėrytrėi͡ --- Estado de Eritrea --- État d'Érythrée --- Ethiopia --- Government of the State of Eritrea --- GSE --- Gwladwriaeth Eritrea --- Hagärä Ertra --- Hagere Ērtra --- Iritīriy --- Iritriy --- Kratos tēs Erythraias --- Provisional Government of Eritrea --- République d'Érythrée --- Staat Eritrea --- Stàir Eartra --- Stát na hEiritr --- State of Eritrea --- Stato dell' Eritrea --- Staturin Eritrea --- Steat Eritrea

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The Health Sector in Eritrea is part of the World Bank Country Study series. These reports are published with the approval of the subject government to communicate the results of the Bank's work on the economic and related conditions of member countries to governments and to the development community. In March 2001, the Ministry of Health of the Government of Eritrea launched a process to prepare a long-term health sector policy and strategic plan (HSPSP), with a focus on assuring equitable, quality, and sustainable health care. The Ministry outlined an open, participatory, three-step process for developing the HSPSP, with active participation from all partners in the health sector. Step One is the preparation of a health sector review carried out by the World Bank (this study), based on existing documentation provided by the Government and other sources. Step Two consists of conducting an in-depth health sector analysis among five sub-sector working groups-PHC, hospital reform, pharmaceuticals, human resource development, health financing-leading to Step Three, the preparation of a rationale for investments in the future development of the health sector. This study serves as the preliminary basis for further rounds of discussions and analyses among stakeholders to arrive at a strategic vision for the Eritrea health sector. It incorporates comments received from the Ministry of Health's central agencies, Zoba (regional) health teams, external partners working in Eritrea, and the World Bank Eritrea Country Team.

Public health --- Health planning --- Medical policy --- Eritrea --- Health care policy --- Health policy --- Medical care --- Medicine and state --- Policy, Medical --- Public health policy --- State and medicine --- Comprehensive health planning --- Health care planning --- Health services planning --- Medical care planning --- Community health --- Health services --- Hygiene, Public --- Hygiene, Social --- Public health services --- Public hygiene --- Sanitary affairs --- Social hygiene --- Government policy --- Planning --- Colonia Eritrea --- ʼÉretrā --- GSE (Government of the State of Eritrea) --- Government of the State of Eritrea --- State of Eritrea --- Hagere Ērtra --- Ērtra --- ʼArtrā --- Provisional Government of Eritrea --- Hagärä Ertra --- إرتريا --- Iritriyā --- دولة إرتريا --- Dawlat Iritriyā --- Èritrê --- Eritreya --- Eritreya Dövläti --- Эрытрэя --- Ėrytrėi︠a︡ --- Eritreja --- Država Eritreja --- Еритрея --- Eritrei︠a︡ --- Държава Еритрея --- Dŭrzhava Eritrei︠a︡ --- Eritrejský stát --- Gwladwriaeth Eritrea --- Staat Eritrea --- Eritrea Riik --- Ερυθραία --- Erythraia --- Κράτος της Ερυθραίας --- Kratos tēs Erythraias --- Estado de Eritrea --- Eritreo --- Eritreako Estatua --- Staturin Eritrea --- Érythrée --- État d'Érythrée --- République d'Érythrée --- Eiritré --- Stát na hEiritré --- Steat Eritrea --- Eartra --- Stàir Eartra --- Stato dell' Eritrea --- Эритреймудин Орн --- Ėritreĭmudin Orn --- Эритрей --- Ėritreĭ --- Эритрейы Паддзахад --- Ėritreĭy Paddzakhad --- Iritīriyā --- إرتيريا --- Science and state --- Social policy --- Health services administration --- Health --- Human services --- Biosecurity --- Health literacy --- Medicine, Preventive --- National health services --- Sanitation --- Eritrea (Ethiopia) --- Эритрей --- Эритрейы Паддзахад --- Эритреймудин Орн

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How is the internet transforming the relationships between citizens and states? What happens to politics when international migration is coupled with digital media, making it easy for people to be politically active in a nation from outside its borders? In Nation as Network, Victoria Bernal creatively combines media studies, ethnography, and African studies to explore this new political paradigm through a striking analysis of how Eritreans in diaspora have used the internet to shape the course of Eritrean history. Bernal argues that Benedict Anderson’s famous concept of nations as “imagined communities” must now be rethought because diasporas and information technologies have transformed the ways nations are sustained and challenged. She traces the development of Eritrean diaspora websites over two turbulent decades that saw the Eritrean state grow ever more tyrannical. Through Eritreans’ own words in posts and debates, she reveals how new subjectivities are formed and political action is galvanized online. She suggests that “infopolitics”—struggles over the management of information—make politics in the 21st century distinct, and she analyzes the innovative ways Eritreans deploy the internet to support and subvert state power. Nation as Network is a unique and compelling work that advances our understanding of the political significance of digital media.

Cyberspace --- Eritreans --- Internet and activism. --- Internet and immigrants. --- Social aspects. --- Political activity. --- Eritrea --- Emigration and immigration. --- #SBIB:39A8 --- #SBIB:39A6 --- #SBIB:39A73 --- Activism and the Internet --- Social participation --- Ethnology --- Immigrants and the Internet --- Immigrants --- Antropologie: linguïstiek, audiovisuele cultuur, antropologie van media en representatie --- Etniciteit / Migratiebeleid en -problemen --- Etnografie: Afrika --- Internet and activism --- Internet and immigrants --- Political activity --- Social aspects --- ʼArtrā --- Colonia Eritrea --- Dawlat Iritriyā --- Država Eritreja --- Dŭrzhava Eritrei︠a︡ --- Eartra --- Eiritré --- ʼÉretrā --- Èritrê --- Eritrea Riik --- Eritreako Estatua --- Ėritreĭ --- Eritrei︠a︡ --- Ėritreĭmudin Orn --- Ėritreĭy Paddzakhad --- Eritreja --- Eritrejský stát --- Eritreo --- Eritreya --- Eritreya Dövläti --- Ērtra --- Erythraia --- Érythrée --- Ėrytrėi︠a︡ --- Estado de Eritrea --- État d'Érythrée --- Government of the State of Eritrea --- GSE (Government of the State of Eritrea) --- Gwladwriaeth Eritrea --- Hagärä Ertra --- Hagere Ērtra --- Iritīriyā --- Iritriyā --- Kratos tēs Erythraias --- Provisional Government of Eritrea --- République d'Érythrée --- Staat Eritrea --- Stàir Eartra --- Stát na hEiritré --- State of Eritrea --- Stato dell' Eritrea --- Staturin Eritrea --- Steat Eritrea --- Κράτος της Ερυθραίας --- Ερυθραία --- Эрытрэя --- Эритрей --- Эритрейы Паддзахад --- Эритреймудин Орн --- Държава Еритрея --- Еритрея --- إرتريا --- إرتيريا --- دولة إرتريا --- Eritrea (Ethiopia) --- Activism

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The paper examines fiscal sustainability issues for the case of Eritrea but has wider implications for addressing fiscal and debt sustainability. It begins with a formal definition and explanation of analytical sustainability indicators, followed by an assessment of the causes of fiscal deficits and their impact on the usual indicators of fiscal and external debt sustainability. The paper then goes beyond the usual analytical indicators by attempting to identify how and through which channels fiscal and other economic policies have affected the behavior of endogenous variables that in one way or another influence sustainability.

Political Science --- Law, Politics & Government --- Public Finance --- Fiscal policy --- Debts, External --- Eritrea --- Economic policy. --- Economic conditions. --- Debts, Foreign --- Debts, International --- External debts --- Foreign debts --- International debts --- Debt --- International finance --- Investments, Foreign --- Tax policy --- Taxation --- Economic policy --- Finance, Public --- Government policy --- ʼArtrā --- Colonia Eritrea --- Dawlat Iritriyā --- Država Eritreja --- Dŭrzhava Eritrei︠a︡ --- Eartra --- Eiritré --- ʼÉretrā --- Èritrê --- Eritrea Riik --- Eritreako Estatua --- Ėritreĭ --- Eritrei︠a︡ --- Ėritreĭmudin Orn --- Ėritreĭy Paddzakhad --- Eritreja --- Eritrejský stát --- Eritreo --- Eritreya --- Eritreya Dövläti --- Ērtra --- Erythraia --- Érythrée --- Ėrytrėi︠a︡ --- Estado de Eritrea --- État d'Érythrée --- Government of the State of Eritrea --- GSE (Government of the State of Eritrea) --- Gwladwriaeth Eritrea --- Hagärä Ertra --- Hagere Ērtra --- Iritīriyā --- Iritriyā --- Kratos tēs Erythraias --- Provisional Government of Eritrea --- République d'Érythrée --- Staat Eritrea --- Stàir Eartra --- Stát na hEiritré --- State of Eritrea --- Stato dell' Eritrea --- Staturin Eritrea --- Steat Eritrea --- Κράτος της Ερυθραίας --- Ερυθραία --- Эрытрэя --- Эритрей --- Эритрейы Паддзахад --- Эритреймудин Орн --- Държава Еритрея --- Еритрея --- إرتريا --- إرتيريا --- دولة إرتريا --- Eritrea (Ethiopia) --- Exports and Imports --- Foreign Exchange --- Macroeconomics --- Fiscal Policy --- Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents: General --- Debt Management --- Sovereign Debt --- Economywide Country Studies: Africa --- International Lending and Debt Problems --- Public finance & taxation --- International economics --- Currency --- Foreign exchange --- Fiscal sustainability --- Public debt --- External debt --- Fiscal stance --- Exchange rates --- Debts, Public --- Eritrea, The State of

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Bringing together original, contemporary ethnographic research on the Northeast African state of Eritrea, this book shows how biopolitics - the state-led deployment of disciplinary technologies on individuals and population groups - is assuming particular forms in the twenty-first century. Once hailed as the "African country that works," Eritrea's apparently successful post-independence development has since lapsed into economic crisis and severe human rights violations. This is due not only to the border war with Ethiopia that began in 1998, but is also the result of discernible tendencies in

Nation-building --- Biopolitics --- Economic development --- History --- Eritrea --- Politics and government --- Development, Economic --- Economic growth --- Growth, Economic --- Economic policy --- Economics --- Statics and dynamics (Social sciences) --- Development economics --- Resource curse --- Political behavior --- Human behavior --- Political science --- Sociobiology --- Stabilization and reconstruction (International relations) --- State-building --- Political development --- ʼArtrā --- Colonia Eritrea --- Dawlat Iritriyā --- Država Eritreja --- Dŭrzhava Eritrei︠a︡ --- Eartra --- Eiritré --- ʼÉretrā --- Èritrê --- Eritrea Riik --- Eritreako Estatua --- Ėritreĭ --- Eritrei︠a︡ --- Ėritreĭmudin Orn --- Ėritreĭy Paddzakhad --- Eritreja --- Eritrejský stát --- Eritreo --- Eritreya --- Eritreya Dövläti --- Ērtra --- Erythraia --- Érythrée --- Ėrytrėi︠a︡ --- Estado de Eritrea --- État d'Érythrée --- Government of the State of Eritrea --- GSE (Government of the State of Eritrea) --- Gwladwriaeth Eritrea --- Hagärä Ertra --- Hagere Ērtra --- Iritīriyā --- Iritriyā --- Kratos tēs Erythraias --- Provisional Government of Eritrea --- République d'Érythrée --- Staat Eritrea --- Stàir Eartra --- Stát na hEiritré --- State of Eritrea --- Stato dell' Eritrea --- Staturin Eritrea --- Steat Eritrea --- Κράτος της Ερυθραίας --- Ερυθραία --- Эрытрэя --- Эритрей --- Эритрейы Паддзахад --- Эритреймудин Орн --- Държава Еритрея --- Еритрея --- إرتريا --- إرتيريا --- دولة إرتريا --- Eritrea (Ethiopia)