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he „Atlas of Woody Plant Stems“ is a com- Naturally, it was impossible to cover completely the comprehensively illustrated book with short, in- enormous variability of plant life forms. We have formative texts. We chose this layout because plant tried, however, to illustrate the main principles and anatomy and morphology can only be conveyed by features. Many decades of collection and preparation detailed pictures. In addition, a vivid presentation provided the basis for this book. should attract a broader public, not only the socialist. We hope that the combination of anatomy Fritz Schweingruber would like to thank the Swiss and morphology will create interest and curiosity. Federal Research Institute WSL, that offered him Amateurs will enjoy the wide range of pictures; hospitality after his retirement. The authors thank all interested readers will be caught by particular chapters- the students and colleagues that have, for decades; specialists will delve into aspects and photo- collected and prepared samples, and who helped graphs that may have never been presented before; with the English translations. Thanks to John Kirby teachers may use the pictures for illustrations in who made the fnal English editing. classes with students.

Woody plants --- Stems (Botany) --- Anatomy. --- Morphology. --- Plant stems --- Stalks (Botany) --- Shoots (Botany) --- Stele (Botany) --- Woody perennials --- Woody vegetation --- Plants

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he žAtlas of Woody Plant Stems is a com- Naturally, it was impossible to cover completely the Tprehensively illustrated book with short, in- enormous variability of plant life forms. We have formative texts. We chose this layout because plant tried, however, to illustrate the main principles and anatomy and morphology can only be conveyed by features. Many decades of collection and prepa- detailed pictures. In addition, a vivid presentation tion provided the basis for this book. should attract a broader public, not only the s- cialist. We hope that the combination of anatomy Fritz Schweingruber would like to thank the Swiss and morphology will create interest and curiosity. Federal Research Institute WSL, that offered him Amateurs will enjoy the wide range of pictures; hospitality after his retirement. The authors thank all interested readers will be caught by particular chap- the students and colleagues that have, for decades, ters; specialists will delve into aspects and photo- collected and prepared samples, and who helped graphs that may have never been presented before; with the English translations. Thanks to John Kirby teachers may use the pictures for illustrations in who made the fnal English editing. classes with students.

Woody plants --- Stems (Botany) --- Anatomy. --- Morphology. --- Stems --- Plant morphology --- Évolution --- evolution --- Trunks --- plant anatomy --- wood anatomy --- climate --- site factors --- plant condition --- Adaptation --- Anatomy --- Morphology --- EPUB-LIV-FT SPRINGER-B LIVBIOLO --- evolution. --- Woody perennials --- Woody vegetation --- Plants --- Plant stems --- Stalks (Botany) --- Shoots (Botany) --- Stele (Botany) --- Woody plants - Anatomy. --- Woody plants - Morphology.

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 This work, published in two volumes, contains descriptions of the wood and bark anatomies of 3000 dicotyledonous plants of 120 families, highlighting the anatomical and phylogenetic diversity of dicotyledonous plants of the Northern Hemisphere. The first volume principally treats families of the Early Angiosperms, Eudicots, Core Eudicots and Rosids, while the second concentrates on the Asterids. Presented in Volume 2 are microsections of the xylem and phloem of herbs, shrubs and trees of 1000 species and ca. 35 families of various life forms of the temperate zone along altitudinal gradients from the lowland at the Mediterranean coast to the alpine zone in Western Europe. Special attention is given to the very diverse family of Asteraceae. The global perspective of the findings is underlined by the analysis of 400 species from the Caucasus, the Rocky Mountains and Andes, the subtropical zone on the Canary Islands, the arid zones in the Sahara, in Eurasia, Arabia and Southwest North America, New Zealand and the boreal and arctic zones in Eurasia and Canada. The presence of annual rings in all life forms demonstrates that herbs and dwarf shrubs are an excellent tool for the reconstruction of annual biomass production and the interannual dynamic of plant associations. The common principle of the anatomical expression of secondary growth is a key factor in understanding evolution and adaptation processes in all life forms, from the 3 cm tall crepide pigmea (Crepis pygmaea) in the alpine zone to the 40 m tall ash (Fraxinus excelsior) in Central European riparian forests. The study opens vast fields of research for dendrochronology, wood anatomy, taxonomy and ecology.

Stem. --- Botany --- Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Plant Anatomy --- Stems (Botany) --- Plant anatomy. --- Plant structure --- Plants --- Structural botany --- Vegetable anatomy --- Plant stems --- Stalks (Botany) --- Anatomy --- Structure --- Life sciences. --- Plant ecology. --- Forest products. --- Plant development. --- Life Sciences. --- Plant Anatomy/Development. --- Plant Systematics/Taxonomy/Biogeography. --- Wood Science & Technology. --- Plant Ecology. --- Shoots (Botany) --- Stele (Botany) --- Wood. --- Ecology --- Building materials --- Forest products --- Trees --- Timber --- Phytoecology --- Vegetation ecology --- Plant systematics. --- Plant taxonomy. --- Forest production --- Botany, Economic --- Commercial products --- Raw materials --- Botanical classification --- Botanical systematics --- Botanical taxonomy --- Classification --- Plant biosystematics --- Plant classification --- Plant systematics --- Plant taxonomy --- Systematic botany --- Systematics (Botany) --- Taxonomy, Plant --- Plant taxonomists --- Development of plants --- Plant development --- Developmental biology --- Growth (Plants) --- Ontogeny --- Floristic ecology

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This book reveals the benefits of describing and modeling trees as the combined surface areas of their stems, and provides a concise overview of the fundamental grounds for adopting such an approach. Anatomically speaking, trees are largely thin sheaths of living cells and it is this understanding that has sparked growing interest in the study of stem surface areas in trees and stands. An overview of publications on analytical methods for the dynamics and structure of forest stands based on stem surface area is also provided. The approach described here gives readers a chance to rethink some models that were popular for decades, while also offering a glance into future research. The application of a simple geometrical model of a forest stand has made it possible to reexamine a highly promising model, the self-thinning rule, which has been a subject of a protracted discussion for the past few decades. Further, the analysis presented here can serve as the basis for predicting forest stand increments, a topic that calls for further development.

Life sciences. --- Ecology. --- Forestry. --- Plant anatomy. --- Plant development. --- Life Sciences. --- Theoretical Ecology/Statistics. --- Plant Anatomy/Development. --- Trees --- Stems (Botany) --- Forest management --- Forests and forestry. --- Growth. --- Mathematical models. --- Forest land --- Forest lands --- Forest planting --- Forest production --- Forest sciences --- Forestation --- Forested lands --- Forestland --- Forestlands --- Forestry --- Forestry industry --- Forestry sciences --- Land, Forest --- Lands, Forest --- Silviculture --- Sylviculture --- Woodlands --- Woods (Forests) --- Forest administration --- Forest plants --- Forest resource administration --- Forest resource management --- Forest stewardship --- Forest vegetation management --- Forestry management --- Forests and forestry --- Stewardship, Forest --- Vegetation management, Forest --- Plant stems --- Stalks (Botany) --- Management --- Administration --- Agriculture --- Natural resources --- Afforestation --- Arboriculture --- Logging --- Timber --- Tree crops --- Ecosystem management --- Shoots (Botany) --- Stele (Botany) --- Forest ecology --- Growth (Plants) --- Control --- Botany --- Plant structure --- Plants --- Structural botany --- Vegetable anatomy --- Anatomy --- Balance of nature --- Biology --- Bionomics --- Ecological processes --- Ecological science --- Ecological sciences --- Environment --- Environmental biology --- Oecology --- Environmental sciences --- Population biology --- Structure --- Ecology --- Ecology . --- Development of plants --- Plant development --- Developmental biology --- Ontogeny