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A Church of England clergyman and biblical scholar, George Townsend (1788-1857) gained recognition for preparing chronological arrangements of both the Old and New Testament. First published in 1850, the present work is an intriguing account of his journey to Italy for an audience with Pope Pius IX, whom he intended to convert to Protestantism. Townsend's journal features details of his stay in Paris, where he was received by the city's archbishop, as well as remarks on the churches and clergy he encountered along the way. In Rome and the Vatican, he visited the main sites of interest while commenting on points of doctrinal divergence and the hospitality shown towards him. Warmly received by Pius IX, who chose to interpret the visit as ecumenical, Townsend inevitably failed in his ultimate objective. Tendentious and forthright, his work sheds light on a strain of English anti-Catholicism.

Italy --- Vatican City --- Description and travel. --- City of the Vatican --- Città del Vaticano --- Vatikana --- Vatican City State --- Stato della Città del Vaticano --- Miejsce Piotrowe --- Wieczne Miasto --- Watykan --- Cité du Vatican --- Stolica Apostolska --- Civitas Vaticana --- Status Civitatis Vaticanae --- Holy See --- Holy See (Vatican City State) --- Holy See (Vatican City) --- Santa Sede --- Santa Sede (Stato della Città del Vaticano) --- Santa Sede (Città del Vaticano) --- State of the Vatican City --- Città Vaticano --- Papal States --- Description and travel --- Pius --- Townsend, George, --- Travel --- Ferretti, Giovanni Maria Mastai-, --- Mastai-Ferretti, Giovanni Maria, --- Pie --- Pīĭ --- Pio

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Papacy --- Bibliography --- Vatican City --- 262.132 --- -Holy See --- See, Holy --- Popes --- Wereldlijke macht van de paus. Pauselijke staten. Vaticaanstad --- Bibliography. --- -Wereldlijke macht van de paus. Pauselijke staten. Vaticaanstad --- 262.132 Wereldlijke macht van de paus. Pauselijke staten. Vaticaanstad --- -262.132 Wereldlijke macht van de paus. Pauselijke staten. Vaticaanstad --- Holy See --- City of the Vatican --- Città del Vaticano --- Vatikana --- Vatican City State --- Stato della Città del Vaticano --- Miejsce Piotrowe --- Wieczne Miasto --- Watykan --- Cité du Vatican --- Stolica Apostolska --- Civitas Vaticana --- Status Civitatis Vaticanae --- Holy See (Vatican City State) --- Holy See (Vatican City) --- Santa Sede --- Santa Sede (Stato della Città del Vaticano) --- Santa Sede (Città del Vaticano) --- State of the Vatican City --- Città Vaticano --- Papal States --- Papacy - Bibliography --- Vatican City - Bibliography

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From his election in 1572 to his death in 1585, Pope Gregory XIII schooled in the upheavals in the Catholic Church that marked the preceding violent decades, spent a great deal of money on the building and restoration of Rome's streets, churches and public monuments. One major, unknown and unstudied monument, the three-story apartment rising up from the Vatican Palace called the Tower of the Winds, was built and painted to celebrate the most famous achievement of Gregory's papacy, the calendar reform. The program of the entire tower proclaimed with assurance not only Gregory's political and religious authority over the capital, but also Gregory's domination of nature, time, and past and present cultures. Its innovations in architecture and decoration, efflorescent Flemish landscapes in all of its seven rooms and its wider religious and political purpose in the culture of Gregorian Rome and the Counter-Reformation, are all subjects of the book.

History of Italy --- Architecture --- Gregory XIII [Pope] --- Vatican City --- Torre dei venti (Vatican City) --- Gregory --- Vatican Palace (Vatican City) --- Buildings, structures, etc. --- 262.13 GREGORIUS XIII --- 7.034 <456.31> --- 262.133.4 --- Loggia dei venti (Vatican City) --- Loggia of the Winds (Vatican City) --- Tower of the Winds (Vatican City) --- Turricula Ventorum (Vatican City) --- Vatican Tower (Vatican City) --- Towers --- Pausschap. Heilige Stoel. Vaticaan. Paus als soeverein--GREGORIUS XIII --- Kunst van de renaissance; barok; rococo; koloniale stijl--Vaticaanstad. Kerkelijke Staat --- Vaticaans bestuur. Vaticaanse paleizen --- Boncompagni, Ugo, --- Gregorio --- Gregorius --- Torre dei venti (Vatican City). --- Vatican Palace (Vatican City). --- 262.133.4 Vaticaans bestuur. Vaticaanse paleizen --- 7.034 <456.31> Kunst van de renaissance; barok; rococo; koloniale stijl--Vaticaanstad. Kerkelijke Staat --- 262.13 GREGORIUS XIII Pausschap. Heilige Stoel. Vaticaan. Paus als soeverein--GREGORIUS XIII --- Gregory XIII --- Torre dei Venti (Vatican City) --- Grégoire --- City of the Vatican --- Città del Vaticano --- Vatikana --- Vatican City State --- Stato della Città del Vaticano --- Miejsce Piotrowe --- Wieczne Miasto --- Watykan --- Cité du Vatican --- Stolica Apostolska --- Civitas Vaticana --- Status Civitatis Vaticanae --- Holy See --- Holy See (Vatican City State) --- Holy See (Vatican City) --- Santa Sede --- Santa Sede (Stato della Città del Vaticano) --- Santa Sede (Città del Vaticano) --- State of the Vatican City --- Città Vaticano --- Papal States

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The history of the Vatican Library began when the Pope Silvester I (314- 335) settled in the Basilica of St. John Lateran in Rome, thanks to the Edict of Constantine in 313. The Basilica was built by Constantine himself and by the half of that century was set in it a scrinum sanctum, that is a collection of books which was at the same time a library for the booksellers and an archive for documents. This book mainly deals with the location of the popes' library, but it also presents the history of the library building from its beginnings. Between 1587 and 1589 Pope Sixtus V built the Salone Sistino in the Vatican Apostolic Palace nearby St. Peter, which became the new location of the library. This place is one of the gems of Vatican City, since it contains frescos representing the history of Councils and the Charter for the Codices and for print. In 2012 this architectural and decorative wonder will reopen as a reference collection space, although it still won't be accessible to the Museum's visitors and tourists.

Libraries --- Rare book libraries --- Catholic libraries --- Christian art and symbolism --- History. --- Biblioteca apostolica vaticana. --- Vatican City --- Buildings, structures, etc. --- 027.2 <456.31> --- 262.133.42 --- 026:2 --- Bibliotheken van wetenschappelijke instellingen, academies, verenigingen--Vaticaanstad. Kerkelijke Staat --- Vaticaanse bibliotheken --- Speciale bibliotheken-:-Godsdienst. Theologie --- 026:2 Speciale bibliotheken-:-Godsdienst. Theologie --- 262.133.42 Vaticaanse bibliotheken --- 027.2 <456.31> Bibliotheken van wetenschappelijke instellingen, academies, verenigingen--Vaticaanstad. Kerkelijke Staat --- Documentation --- Public institutions --- Librarians --- Art, Christian --- Art, Ecclesiastical --- Arts in the church --- Christian symbolism --- Ecclesiastical art --- Symbolism and Christian art --- Religious art --- Symbolism --- Church decoration and ornament --- Libraries, Catholic --- Religious libraries --- Special libraries --- History --- City of the Vatican --- Città del Vaticano --- Vatikana --- Vatican City State --- Stato della Città del Vaticano --- Miejsce Piotrowe --- Wieczne Miasto --- Watykan --- Cité du Vatican --- Stolica Apostolska --- Civitas Vaticana --- Status Civitatis Vaticanae --- Holy See --- Holy See (Vatican City State) --- Holy See (Vatican City) --- Santa Sede --- Santa Sede (Stato della Città del Vaticano) --- Santa Sede (Città del Vaticano) --- State of the Vatican City --- Città Vaticano --- Papal States --- Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana. --- Symbolism in art --- Apostolic Vatican Library --- BAV --- Biblioteca vaticana --- Bibliotheca Apostolica Vaticana --- Bibliotheca Vaticana --- Bibliothek des Vatikans --- Bibliothèque apostolique vaticane --- Bibliothèque du Vatican --- Bibliothèque vaticane --- Bybliotheca Vaticana --- Sifriyat ha-Ṿaṭiḳan --- Vatican Apostolic Library --- Vatican. Biblioteca vaticana --- Vatican City. Apostolic Vatican Library --- Vatican City. Biblioteca apostolica vaticana --- Vatican City. Biblioteca vaticana --- Vatican City. Bibliotheca Vaticana --- Vatican City. Vatican Apostolic Library --- Vatican City. Vatican Library --- Vatican Library --- Vatikanische Bibliothek --- Vatikanska apostolicheska biblioteka --- Vatikanska biblioteka --- Vatikanská knihovna --- ספריה האפוסטולית בואטיקו --- ספריית הוותיקן

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St Peter's Basilica in Rome is arguably the most important church in Western Christendom, and is among the most significant buildings anywhere in the world. However, the church that is visible today is a youthful upstart, only four hundred years old compared to the twelve-hundred-year-old church whose site it occupies. A very small proportion of the original is now extant, entirely covered over by the new basilica, but enough survives to make reconstruction of the first St Peter's possible and much new evidence has been uncovered in the past thirty years. This is the first full study of the older church, from its late antique construction to Renaissance destruction, in its historical context. An international team of historians, art historians, archaeologists and liturgists explores aspects of the basilica's history, from its physical fabric to the activities that took place within its walls and its relationship with the city of Rome.

Church architecture --- Church history --- Basilica di San Pietro in Vaticano --- History --- Vatican City --- Antiquities --- Buildings, structures, etc. --- Architecture chrétienne --- Eglise --- Histoire --- History. --- Vatican --- Antiquités --- Constructions --- Church architecture - Vatican City --- Church history - Middle Ages, 600-1500 --- Roma --- San Pietro (Roma) --- Vatican City - Antiquities --- Vatican City - Buildings, structures, etc. --- Arts and Humanities --- Antiquities. --- Christianity --- Ecclesiastical architecture --- Rood-lofts --- Christian art and symbolism --- Religious architecture --- Architecture, Gothic --- Church buildings --- Middle Ages, 600-1500 --- San Pietro in Vaticano (Basilica) --- Basilica vaticana --- Saint Peter's Cathedral (Vatican City) --- Vatican City. --- S. Pietro in Vaticano (Basilica) --- St. Peter's (Basilica : Vatican City) --- Basilique de Saint-Pierre (Vatican City) --- Basilica Sancti Petri (Vatican City) --- Sanctus Petrus (Basilica : Vatican City) --- Basilica papale di San Pietro in Vaticano --- City of the Vatican --- Città del Vaticano --- Vatikana --- Vatican City State --- Stato della Città del Vaticano --- Miejsce Piotrowe --- Wieczne Miasto --- Watykan --- Cité du Vatican --- Stolica Apostolska --- Civitas Vaticana --- Status Civitatis Vaticanae --- Holy See --- Holy See (Vatican City State) --- Holy See (Vatican City) --- Santa Sede --- Santa Sede (Stato della Città del Vaticano) --- Santa Sede (Città del Vaticano) --- State of the Vatican City --- Città Vaticano --- Papal States