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Supplementary employment --- Double employment --- Dual employment --- Employment, Supplementary --- Moonlighting --- Multiple employment --- Outside employment --- Secondary employment --- Part-time employment --- Statistics --- Labour market --- European Union

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In the last two decades, due to the continuous increase of lifespans in Westernsocieties, and the consequent growing of the elderly population, have witnessedan increase in the number of studies on biological and molecular factors able topromote healthy aging and reach longevity. The study of the genetic componentof human longevity demonstrated that it accounts for 25% of intra populationphenotype variance. The efforts made to characterize the genetic determinantssuggested that the maintenance of cellular integrity, inflammation, oxidativestress response, DNA repair, as well as the use of nutrients, represent the mostimportant pathways correlated with a longer lifespan. However, although aplethora of variants were indicated to be associated with human longevity, onlyvery few were successfully replicated in different populations, probably becauseof population specificity, missing heritability as well as a complex interactionamong genetic factors with lifestyle and cultural factors, which modulate theindividual chance of living longer. Thus, many challenges remain to be addressedin the search for the genetic components of human longevity. This Special Issue isaimed to unify the progress in the analysis of the genetic determinants of humanlongevity, to take stock of the situation and point to future directions of the field.We invite submissions for reviews, research articles, short-communicationsdealing with genetic association studies in human longevity, including all types ofgenetic variation, as well as the characterization of longevity-related genes.

unknown zygosity --- exceptional longevity --- TERC --- xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes --- lifespan --- gender-specific association --- long-livers --- polymorphism --- cumulative incidence curves --- cardiovascular health --- twins --- genetic determinants of human longevity --- TERT --- SNP --- moonlighting protein --- longevity --- genomics --- APOE --- polygenic risk score --- signal transduction --- xenobiotics --- survival --- IPMK --- genetic variation --- genetic association study --- molecular senescence --- zygosity --- longevity-related genes --- age-stratification --- lipid profile --- mortality --- apolipoprotein E --- aging --- model systems --- leukocyte telomere length --- inositol phosphates --- human lifespan --- populations

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Fuzzy Logic is a good model for the human ability to compute words. It is based on the theory of fuzzy set. A fuzzy set is different from a classical set because it breaks the Law of the Excluded Middle. In fact, an item may belong to a fuzzy set and its complement at the same time and with the same or different degree of membership. The degree of membership of an item in a fuzzy set can be any real number included between 0 and 1. This property enables us to deal with all those statements of which truths are a matter of degree. Fuzzy logic plays a relevant role in the field of Artificial Intelligence because it enables decision-making in complex situations, where there are many intertwined variables involved. Traditionally, fuzzy logic is implemented through software on a computer or, even better, through analog electronic circuits. Recently, the idea of using molecules and chemical reactions to process fuzzy logic has been promoted. In fact, the molecular word is fuzzy in its essence. The overlapping of quantum states, on the one hand, and the conformational heterogeneity of large molecules, on the other, enable context-specific functions to emerge in response to changing environmental conditions. Moreover, analog input–output relationships, involving not only electrical but also other physical and chemical variables can be exploited to build fuzzy logic systems. The development of “fuzzy chemical systems” is tracing a new path in the field of artificial intelligence. This new path shows that artificially intelligent systems can be implemented not only through software and electronic circuits but also through solutions of properly chosen chemical compounds. The design of chemical artificial intelligent systems and chemical robots promises to have a significant impact on science, medicine, economy, security, and wellbeing. Therefore, it is my great pleasure to announce a Special Issue of Molecules entitled “The Fuzziness in Molecular, Supramolecular, and Systems Chemistry.” All researchers who experience the Fuzziness of the molecular world or use Fuzzy logic to understand Chemical Complex Systems will be interested in this book.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- fuzzy logic --- complexity --- chemical artificial intelligence --- human nervous system --- fuzzy proteins --- conformations --- photochromic compounds --- qubit --- protein dynamics --- conformational heterogeneity --- promiscuity --- fuzzy complexes --- higher-order structures --- protein evolution --- fuzzy set theory --- artificial intelligence --- GCN4 mimetic --- peptides-DNA --- E:Z photoisomerization --- conformational fuzziness --- photoelectrochemistry --- wide bandgap semiconductor --- artificial neuron --- in materio computing --- neuromorphic computing --- intrinsically disordered protein --- intrinsically disordered protein region --- liquid-liquid phase transition --- protein-protein interaction --- protein-nucleic acid interaction --- proteinaceous membrane-less organelle --- fuzzy complex. --- d-TST --- activation energy --- Transitivity plot --- solution kinetic --- Maxwell-Boltzmann path --- Euler's formula for the exponential --- activation --- transitivity --- transport phenomena --- moonlighting proteins --- intrinsically disordered proteins --- metamorphic proteins --- morpheeins

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Fuzzy Logic is a good model for the human ability to compute words. It is based on the theory of fuzzy set. A fuzzy set is different from a classical set because it breaks the Law of the Excluded Middle. In fact, an item may belong to a fuzzy set and its complement at the same time and with the same or different degree of membership. The degree of membership of an item in a fuzzy set can be any real number included between 0 and 1. This property enables us to deal with all those statements of which truths are a matter of degree. Fuzzy logic plays a relevant role in the field of Artificial Intelligence because it enables decision-making in complex situations, where there are many intertwined variables involved. Traditionally, fuzzy logic is implemented through software on a computer or, even better, through analog electronic circuits. Recently, the idea of using molecules and chemical reactions to process fuzzy logic has been promoted. In fact, the molecular word is fuzzy in its essence. The overlapping of quantum states, on the one hand, and the conformational heterogeneity of large molecules, on the other, enable context-specific functions to emerge in response to changing environmental conditions. Moreover, analog input–output relationships, involving not only electrical but also other physical and chemical variables can be exploited to build fuzzy logic systems. The development of “fuzzy chemical systems” is tracing a new path in the field of artificial intelligence. This new path shows that artificially intelligent systems can be implemented not only through software and electronic circuits but also through solutions of properly chosen chemical compounds. The design of chemical artificial intelligent systems and chemical robots promises to have a significant impact on science, medicine, economy, security, and wellbeing. Therefore, it is my great pleasure to announce a Special Issue of Molecules entitled “The Fuzziness in Molecular, Supramolecular, and Systems Chemistry.” All researchers who experience the Fuzziness of the molecular world or use Fuzzy logic to understand Chemical Complex Systems will be interested in this book.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- fuzzy logic --- complexity --- chemical artificial intelligence --- human nervous system --- fuzzy proteins --- conformations --- photochromic compounds --- qubit --- protein dynamics --- conformational heterogeneity --- promiscuity --- fuzzy complexes --- higher-order structures --- protein evolution --- fuzzy set theory --- artificial intelligence --- GCN4 mimetic --- peptides–DNA --- E:Z photoisomerization --- conformational fuzziness --- photoelectrochemistry --- wide bandgap semiconductor --- artificial neuron --- in materio computing --- neuromorphic computing --- intrinsically disordered protein --- intrinsically disordered protein region --- liquid–liquid phase transition --- protein–protein interaction --- protein–nucleic acid interaction --- proteinaceous membrane-less organelle --- fuzzy complex. --- d-TST --- activation energy --- Transitivity plot --- solution kinetic --- Maxwell–Boltzmann path --- Euler’s formula for the exponential --- activation --- transitivity --- transport phenomena --- moonlighting proteins --- intrinsically disordered proteins --- metamorphic proteins --- morpheeins --- n/a --- peptides-DNA --- liquid-liquid phase transition --- protein-protein interaction --- protein-nucleic acid interaction --- Maxwell-Boltzmann path --- Euler's formula for the exponential

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In de zomer van 2010 werd de pilootstudie uitgerold omtrent de bevraging via een enquête (SUBLEC- Survey on the Black Economy) van 'aangegeven en niet-aangegeven inkomen en arbeid'. De bedoeling was de omvang, de aard, en de motieven te kennen van zowel de sociale als fiscale fraude en uitkeringsfraude. Door de burger rechtstreeks te vragen naar zijn fraudegedrag krijgen wij misschien maar het topje van de ijsberg te zien, maar het leert alvast iets bij over hoe deze fraude tot stand komt, en ook hoe het zou kunnen vermeden worden.Dit onderzoek kadert in een reeks van wetenschappelijke studies die de jongste jaren door het Federaal Wetenschapsbeleid werd gelanceerd omtrent de sociale en fiscale fraude.Bron : http://www.uitgeverijacco.be

Labour market --- Taxes --- Economic structure --- Belgium --- Welfare fraud --- Case studies --- Tax evasion --- Income tax --- Academic collection --- BPB1204 --- Fraude sociale --- Travail au noir --- Fraude fiscale --- Belgique --- #SBIB:316.8H40 --- #SBIB:35H437 --- #SBIB:35H52 --- #SBIB:316.334.2A300 --- fraude fiscale --- fraude sociale --- belgie --- BE / Belgium - België - Belgique --- 336.208 --- 343.35 --- Sociale fraude --- Zwartwerk --- Belastingfraude --- België --- Sociaal beleid: social policy, sociale zekerheid, verzorgingsstaat --- Beleidssectoren: sociale zekerheid --- Ethiek van bestuur en beleid --- Arbeidssociologie: arbeidsmarkt en werkloosheid: algemeen --- fiscale fraude --- sociale fraude --- belgique --- Grondslag, vereffening, inning en controle van de belastingen. Fiscale fraude. Zwartwerk. Parallelle economie. --- Misdrijven tegen de openbare administratie, de belasting- en administratieve wetgeving. --- Fraude --- Fraudebestrijding --- Fiscaliteit --- Strafrecht : Fraude --- Bélgica --- Belgija --- Belgien --- Belgie --- Belgicko --- Beļģija --- Белгија --- Belgio --- Белгия --- Belgia --- il-Belġju --- An Bheilg --- Βέλγιο --- Belgjika --- Belgia Kuningriik --- Beļģijas Karaliste --- Royaume de Belgique --- Belgian kuningaskunta --- Belgické kráľovstvo --- Koninkrijk België --- Belgijos Karalystė --- das Königreich Belgien --- Βασίλειο του Βελγίου --- Kingdom of Belgium --- Кралство Белгија --- Краљевина Белгија --- Belgické království --- Reino de Bélgica --- ir-Renju tal-Belġju --- Regatul Belgiei --- Kongeriget Belgien --- Кралство Белгия --- Mbretëria e Belgjikës --- Belga Királyság --- Królestwo Belgii --- Konungariket Belgien --- Reino da Bélgica --- Kraljevina Belgija --- Regno del Belgio --- davčna utaja --- Steuerhinterziehung --- daňový únik --- evażjoni tat-taxxa --- frode fiscale --- утаја пореза --- skattesvig --- tax evasion --- oszustwo podatkowe --- utaja poreza --- fraudă fiscală --- отклонение на данъци --- φοροδιαφυγή --- maksudest kõrvalehoidumine --- evazion tatimor --- mokesčių vengimas --- adókijátszás --- skattefusk --- calaois fhioscach --- belastingfraude --- veropetos --- затајување данок --- izvairīšanās no nodokļu maksāšanas --- zkrácení daně --- fraude fiscal --- избегнување даночна обврска --- calaois chánach --- неплаќање данок кон државата --- adócsalás --- даночна измама --- illecito fiscale --- Steuerverkürzung --- даночна евазија --- Steuerbetrug --- πάταξη της φοροδιαφυγής --- фискална измама --- defraudación tributaria --- neoficiāls darbs --- nelegalus darbas --- работа на черно --- trabalho ilegal --- λαθραία απασχόληση --- svart arbete --- mbajtja e një pune të dytë --- moonlighting --- sort arbejde --- muncă ilegală --- trabajo clandestino --- must töö --- zwartwerk --- lavoro nero --- praca na czarno --- feketemunka --- práca načierno --- rad na crno --- рад на црно --- pimeä työ --- práce na černo --- работа на црно --- delo na črno --- Schwarzarbeit --- impjieg illegali --- kuutamourakointi --- тајно запослење --- λαθραία εργασία --- nelegálne zamestnanie --- nepieteikta nodarbinātība --- illegalt arbejde --- непријавена работа --- laiton työnteko --- непријављен рад --- παράνομη απασχόληση --- Pfusch --- παράνομη εργασία --- lavoro illegale --- nezákonné zaměstnání --- deklareerimata töö --- nielegalna praca --- punësim klandestin --- travail noir --- illegal employment --- xogħol minn taħt --- laiton työ --- niezgłoszone zatrudnienie --- illegal anställning --- svartjobb --- xogħol bla ktieb --- nezákonná práce --- rad u fušu --- илегални рад --- undeclared employment --- svartarbete --- munca fără forme legale --- empleo ilegal --- ulovligt arbejde --- muncă la negru --- impjieg mhux iddikjarat --- nuslėptasis užimtumas --- illegale tewerkstelling --- neoficialus darbas --- lavoro in nero --- ilegalno zapošljavanje --- trabalho clandestino --- nelegálna práca --- lavoro clandestino --- travail illégal --- angajat nedeclarat la fisc --- незаконна работа --- Pfuscharbeit --- punësim i paligjshëm --- puna e padeklaruar --- недеклариран труд --- nelegāls darbs --- emploi illégal --- незаконска работа --- nezakonito zaposlovanje --- nezakonito zapošljavanje i rad --- neteisėtas darbas --- nelegální práce --- ilmoittamaton työ --- ebaseaduslik töö --- illegális foglalkoztatás --- ulovlig beskæftigelse --- clandestine employment --- niezgłoszona praca --- punësim i padeklaruar --- nezakonita zaposlitev --- harmaa työ --- незаконно наемане на работа --- illegalt arbete --- undeclared work --- trabalho a negro --- nielegalne zatrudnienie --- trabajo negro --- trabajo ilegal --- punë e paligjshme --- illegal work --- čierna práca --- illegale Beschäftigung --- emprego ilegal --- illegaal werk --- illegális munkavégzés --- nelegāla nodarbinātība --- melouch --- nezakonito delo --- Grondslag, vereffening, inning en controle van de belastingen. Fiscale fraude. Zwartwerk. Parallelle economie --- Misdrijven tegen de openbare administratie, de belasting- en administratieve wetgeving --- Droit pénal : Fraude --- imghabháil cánach --- obair faoi choim --- mokesčių slėpimas --- Fraude à la sécurité sociale