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This report updates a previous report with findings on the economic activity supported by total Army spending in each of the 435 congressional districts in fiscal years 2014 through 2017. To estimate this activity, researchers used district-level input-output (I/O) models and a national-level I/O model known as IMPLAN. Each district-level model is used to estimate the direct, indirect, and induced effects of national-level Army spending that affect a particular district. In this context, direct effects are the total Army spending within a district; indirect and induced effects represent the local economic activity that supports both the direct spending and the in-district demand generated from Army spending outside the district. Indirect effects capture interindustry linkages, while induced effects capture the effects of household incomes. For each congressional district, this report provides the following estimates: direct Army spending (including military and government civilian payroll and retiree pay for Regular Army, Army National Guard, and U.S. Army Reserve, plus acquisition and services contracts) all Army employment (including military and government civilian personnel for Regular Army, Army National Guard, and U.S. Army Reserve, including soldiers not on active duty) additional economic output generated by direct Army spending additional jobs created by direct Army spending Army-driven economic output (direct plus indirect and induced spending) all Army employment plus estimated additional jobs resulting from total Army direct spending and indirect effects. Results are aggregated by state and the economic activity associated with Army spending is separated by component where applicable.

Economic impact analysis --- Military bases --- Military towns --- Economic aspects --- United States. --- Appropriations and expenditures.

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In 1917, Fort Ord was established in the tiny subdivision of Seaside, California. Over the course of the 20th century, it held great national and military importance-a major launching point for World War II operations, the first base in the military to undergo complete integration, the West Coast's most important training base for draftees in the Vietnam War, a site of important civil rights movements-until its closure in the 1990's. Alongside it, the city of Seaside took form. Racial Beachhead offers the story of this city, shaped over the decades by military policies of racial

African Americans --- Military towns --- Minorities --- History --- Social aspects --- Fort Ord (Calif.) --- Seaside (Calif.) --- Race relations --- Social conditions