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Eindwerken Milieuzorg 2008-2009

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Service industry --- hotelwezen --- milieuzorg --- hotelmanagement

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Depending on their national level of income, development and modernization, all countries in the world can be generally categorized as either advanced or developing. Studies on why advanced countries continue to develop, how they maintain their level of development, and how developing countries enter into the advanced club fall into the field of modernization science,  which is an emerging interdisciplinary science. This monograph, the first English book available on modernization science,  interprets its concepts, methodologies, general theories, first and second modernization, six level-specific, six field-specific and three sector-specific modernizations, modernization policy and evaluation, and the principles and methods of national development since the 18th century. It provides clear, systematic, up-to-date information on this new discipline with more than 173 figures and 265 tables, and covers 131 countries and 97% of the global population.  A comprehensive outlook on world modernization is presented from a Chinese perspective.

Economics --- Environmental protection. Environmental technology --- economie --- milieuzorg

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In an environmental life cycle assessment of products (LCA), an unambiguous, scientifically based, ˜objective' attribution of material and energy flows to a product is pure fiction. This is due to the fundamental epistemological conditions of LCA as a modelling process under the complexity of our socio-economic system. Instead, various mental models and values guide this attribution. This leads to a functional model in a specific decision situation. This book shows for the first time how mental models and values influence this attribution in the life cycle inventory step of LCA. One of the key findings is that the different management rules for a sustainable use of materials must be taken into account for the attribution of material and energy flows to a product. Otherwise, improvement options recommended by an LCA might turn out to even worsen the environmental situation if reassessed from a meta-perspective. As a consequence of this book, the claim of unambiguitiy ( ˜objectivity') of the life cycle inventory must be abandoned. A group-model building process for LCA is developed that allows one to grasp the decision makers' mental models and values in the inventory analysis on a case- and situation-specific basis. Only by this, LCA results will become relevant in a decision-making process. Two case studies on the modelling of recycling and other end-of-life options of aluminium windows and beech wood railway sleepers in LCA complement the methodological part. This book is a ˜must have' for researchers, consultants and practitioners in the fields of decision-oriented life cycle assessment as well as product-related environmental management, modelling and decision-making.

Economics --- Environmental protection. Environmental technology --- economie --- milieuzorg

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This edited volume focuses on recent methodological advanced within the field of water resource economics and shows how these advances can be applied to the economics of water issues. It identifies five areas of particular importance -- asymmetric information and game theory, uncertainty, space, water quality, and production and technology adoption. Individual chapters address issues such as allocation of water and water as a pubic good; the influence of weather variability, network failures, and input price risk; the impact of heterogeneity of the land on water use efficiency; quality of water and pollution, and the potential substitutions between capital and water via new technologies.

Economics --- Environmental protection. Environmental technology --- economie --- milieuzorg