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Kalmykia is a constituent of the Russian Federation that shaped and has been developing within Russia for several centuries. Kalmykia was incorporated into the Russian state in the early second half of the 17 th century, it was officially recognized by the Russian authorities and constituted as an ethno-political entity in the form of feudal khanate with the status of a virtually autonomous unit. The Kalmyk Khanate's status as a largely self-ruling area within the Russian Empire gradually transformed into the status of a regular administrative territory under the Astrakhan governor. It received the status of a Republic from Stalin.Maksimov examines issues of interrelations between the Kalmyk people and Russia before and after the Kalmyks' accession to the Russian state. Analyzes the Soviet national policy and to the destiny of Kalmykia under the communist regime. The legal status of this republic and its development under the new Russian federalism are discussed in great details.

Central-local government relations --- Center-periphery government relations --- Local-central government relations --- Local government-central government relations --- Political science --- Decentralization in government --- Federal government --- Kalmykii͡a (Russia) --- Калмыкия (Russia) --- Kalmykia (Russia) --- Kalmykiya (Russia) --- Republic of Kalmykia (Russia) --- Республика Калмыкия (Russia) --- Respublika Kalmykii︠a︡ (Russia) --- Хальмг Тангч (Russia) --- Khalʹmg Tangch (Russia) --- Republik Kalmückien (Russia) --- Kalmyk Autonomous Oblast (Russia) --- Republic of Xhalmg Tangsh (Russia) --- Chalmg Tangtsch (Russia) --- Kalmykien (Russia) --- Kalmückien --- Khalʹmg Tan︠g︡ḣch (Russia) --- Kalmyt︠s︡kai︠a︡ A.S.S.R. (R.S.F.S.R.) --- History. --- Politics and government. --- Administrative law, Buddhism, History, Kalmykiia, Minorities, Russian Empire, Soviet Union. --- Kalmykiia (Russia)

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291 <05> --- Godsdienstwetenschap: vergelijkend--Tijdschriften --- Periodicals --- Religions --- Cults --- Sects --- Sectes --- Cultes --- Cults. --- Religions. --- Sects. --- Arts and Humanities --- General and Others --- Religion --- Denominations, Religious --- Religions, Modern --- Religious denominations --- Comparative religion --- Religion, Comparative --- Religions, Comparative --- World religions --- Alternative religious movements --- Cult --- Cultus --- Marginal religious movements --- New religions --- New religious movements --- NRMs (Religion) --- Religious movements, Alternative --- Religious movements, Marginal --- Religious movements, New --- Civilization --- Gods --- Justus Freemen --- Black Hawk --- Book of Solomon --- Branch Davidians --- Brainwashing --- denominationalism --- new religious movements (NRM) --- brain-washing --- violence --- new religions studies (NRS) --- gender --- adventists --- Adventist women --- Seventh-day Adventists --- Adventist Review --- 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Zeller --- Heaven’s Gate --- conversion --- authenticity --- self-narratives --- Craft name --- names --- Dutch Wicca --- Flemish Wicca --- Eastern Europe --- Post-Soviet --- post-communist --- Lithuanian neoshamanic community --- Pyramid of Merkine --- Lithuania --- Estonia --- Last Testament Church --- Church of the Last Testament (Церковь Последнего Завета) --- Siberia --- Povilas Zekas --- Neoshamanism --- Indo-European religious traditions --- Balts --- Neotoltecs --- Siberian Neoshamanism --- Pagan traditions --- spirituality milieu --- religion and society --- religion and consumerism --- secularization --- new spirituality --- neoliberalism --- state and religion --- Kriya Yoga --- Neo-Tantrism --- neotantrism --- consumer society --- Vissarion --- Faith Church --- Hit Gyülekezete --- Sándor Németh --- Christian Zionism --- Word of Faith --- Toronto Blessing --- dianetics --- Brain-Washing Manual --- OT VIII --- secrecy --- Operating Thetan --- Fishman Affidavit --- auditing --- anti-psychiatry --- Thomas Szasz --- David Miscavige --- Board of the Religious Technology Center --- Citizens Commission on Human Rights (CCHR) --- Hubbard Association of Scientologists International --- Kenneth Goff --- Edward Hunter --- brainwashing --- brainwashing manual --- Mark and Sarah King --- Chinese religions --- Confucianism --- Confucian Congregation --- folk religions --- John Herman Musoke Ssemanda Kisuule Kulabugo --- aesthetics --- East Africa --- ecumenical community --- Jjajja Ndawula --- Kusamira --- mutual aid --- performative music --- pluralism --- ritual aesthetics --- Benjamin Teixeira de Aguiar Machado --- Salto Quântico --- Kardecism --- Spiritism --- Aracaju --- Women’s ordination --- Adventist General Conference --- Theology of Ordination Study Committee (TOSC) --- internationalization --- Marian devotional movements --- apparitional movements --- Catholic Church --- Philippines --- Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith (CDF) --- Church authority --- Cosmopolitics --- Orthodox Church of the Sovereign Mother of God (OCSMG) --- New Cathar Church --- Blessed John Bereslavsky --- Veniamin Yakovlevich Bereslavsky --- Mother-of-God Center --- Veniamin Iakovlevich Bereslavskii --- Church of the Transfiguring Theotokos --- ecumenical esotericism --- Religious experimentation --- Virgin Mary apparitions --- Greek Catholic Church --- Australian Marian shrines --- Our Lady of Mercy of Jasna Gora --- Our Lady of Mercy of Penrose Park --- Our Lady of Yankalilla --- Our Lady of Coogee --- Marian pilgrimage --- Bishop David Ricken --- Wisconsin --- Diocese of Green Bay --- Catholic history in America --- nineteenth-century immigration --- Adele Brise --- Our Lady of Good Help --- Gamal Abdel Nasser --- Pope Cyril VI (Kyrillos) --- Mary in Islam --- Coptic Orthodox Church --- Zeitoun --- Zeitoun apparitions --- Teresita Castillo --- Juliet Hughes --- Lipa (Philippines) --- Necedah (Wisconsin) --- rose petals --- sun miracles --- Mary Ann Van Hoof --- Brexit --- late modernity --- conspiracy beliefs --- European Union --- premillennialism --- Maria Strakosch-Giesler --- Marianne von Werefkin --- Alexej von Jawlenki --- Wassily Kandinsky --- The Sounding Cosmos --- Psychedelics --- Bardo --- Timothy Leary --- Tibetan Book of the Dead --- phantasmagoria --- psychedelic experience --- W.Y. Evans-Wentz --- ISKCON --- Marketing --- Digital Media --- Digital Hinduism --- Krishna --- American ISKCON --- Historians --- reformation studies --- conceptual frameworks --- historiographical criticism --- cross-disciplinary dialogue --- history --- societal differentiation --- church-sect dichotomy --- Middle Ages --- Early Modern period --- Hendrik Niclaes --- Family of Love --- Anabaptism --- Heresy --- Sectarianism --- Polemics --- Apocalypticism --- Violence --- Reformation --- Münster --- anti-Anabaptist --- methodology --- religious diversity --- religious diversity studies --- women’s religious history --- positive thinking --- metaphysical Christianity --- Charleszetta Waddles --- Perpetual Mission for Saving Souls of All Nations --- Mother Waddles Perpetual Mission --- frame alignment --- In God We Trust party --- hippies --- Counterculture --- Indian immigrants --- Hinduization --- A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada --- religion online --- Family International --- virtual community --- digital media --- identity renegotiation --- internet technologies --- Ethnographic research --- Metaphysics --- Church of Christ --- Scientist --- The First Church of Christ, Scientist --- The Mother Church --- Christian Science Church --- Noahides --- Bnei Noah --- Zionism --- Chabad --- Messianism --- Children of Noah --- Third Temple Movement --- frame theory --- incarnation --- heterodoxy --- heterodox Christianity --- experiential pluralism --- spiritual kinship --- Doug McAdam --- activity theory --- genre --- organizational communication --- social possibilities --- minority religions --- United States of America --- mimesis --- popular culture --- class --- socialism --- American religious history --- documentary --- cultural memory --- narrative --- re-enactment --- Jonestown on Television --- Godwin’s Law --- religious freedom --- religious persecution --- food --- foodways --- gastronomy --- religious practice --- praxis --- countercuisine --- spiritual food practices --- Brotherhood of the Sun --- Healthy, Happy, Holy Organization (3HO) --- Yogi Bhajan --- biodynamics --- nutrition --- vegetarianism --- Waldorf schools --- Intentional communities --- Sally Fallon --- kinship and religion --- commensality --- religious foodways --- fasting --- New Age spirituality --- Sunburst --- Norman Paulsen --- organic farming --- health food --- Sunburst Farms --- Sunburst Natural Foods --- Sikh Dharma --- Golden Temple Bakery --- Sardarni Guru Amrit Kaur Khalsa et al. v. Kartar Singh Khalsa et al. --- State of Oregon v. Siri Singh Sahib Corporation et al. --- Nineteenth Century --- revolution --- religious authority --- scripture --- utopianism --- Charles Fourier --- Fourierism --- intentional community --- Spiritualism --- Spiritualists --- utopia --- utopian --- Trumbull Phalanx (Ohio) --- Northampton Association of Education and Industry (NAEI) --- Ceresco (Wisconsin) --- Wisconsin Phalanx --- feminism --- Pentecostal writings --- white Pentecostals --- suffrage --- Public Life --- Mormons --- civil marriage --- Kingdom of Sardinia --- Risorgimento --- Torino --- Jonestown Documentaries --- fascism --- alt-right --- magic war --- political magic --- memes --- 4chan --- Cult of Kek --- Church of Kek --- satirical religion --- Pepe the Frog --- parody religions --- Egregores --- collective effervescence --- affect networks --- Donald Trump --- witches --- magical practitioners --- Pagans --- magical resistance --- crisis of presence --- magic resistance movement --- prophecy voters --- Conspiracism --- Millennialism --- 2016 presidential election --- Bosnian pyramids --- alternative archaeology --- religious entrepreneurship --- religion and science --- legitimation of religion --- Visoko (Bosnia) --- Cult Awareness Movement --- Cult Controversies --- Anne Hamilton-Byrne --- Great White Brotherhood --- Santiniketan Park Association --- The Family --- women in new religious movements --- children in new religious movements --- religion and the media --- alternative medicines --- Serge Benhayon --- Universal Medicine --- The Way of the Livingness --- International Society of Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON) --- Vedic Wisdom --- apparitions --- visionaries --- devotion --- sacred --- secular --- emotions --- senses --- suffering --- contestation --- Vatican --- Bosnia-Herzegovina --- Medjugorje --- Mennonite --- LGBTQ+ --- Queer --- shunning --- homophobia --- Denomination --- Leadership --- Ordination --- Carl Jung --- archetypes --- appropriation --- religious leadership --- women’s religious leadership --- authority --- power relations --- Max Weber --- myth of the omnipotent leader --- myth of the brainwashed follower --- Love Israel --- Christ Communal Organization --- Jesus Movement --- deprogramming --- administrative challenges --- charismatic authority --- Church of Satan --- Divine Light Mission --- grassroots challenges --- International Churches of Christ --- inner circle challenges --- John of God --- Rajneesh --- Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh --- Osho --- Osho movement --- institutionalization --- Rajneeshism --- Ma Anand Sheela --- Sheela Birnstiel --- Ma Yoga Vivek --- Ma Prem Nirvano --- proximity --- proximal authority --- mediumship --- sannyasin --- succession --- patriarchy --- post-communist society --- gender equality --- John of God (Joao de Deus) --- Jeungsanism --- Won Buddhism --- Korean new religions --- new religious movements in South Korea --- Korean spirituality --- formation of new religions --- Daesoon Jinrihoe --- Church of Almighty God (全能神教會, Quánnéng Shén Jiàohuì) --- Eastern Lightning (東方閃電, Dōngfāng Shǎndiàn) --- La Luz del Mundo --- Kang Don Ku --- Neo-Confucianism --- Donghak (東學) --- Choe Je U --- Choe Je-u --- Sangje (the Supreme God) --- Ch’ŏndogyo (Religion of the Heavenly Way) --- Yoido Full Gospel Church --- Unification Movement --- Moon Sun Myung --- World Mission Society Church of God --- Olive Tree --- Park Tae Seon --- Zahng Gil Jah --- Shincheonji (신천지) --- Shincheonji Church of Jesus --- COVID-19 pandemic --- Yongsaegyo --- Choi Tae Min --- Daejongism --- Na Cheol --- Kaengjŏngyudo --- Park Chung Bin --- Sotaesan --- Kang Il-Sun --- Kang Jeungsan --- Bocheonism (Doctrine of Universal Heaven) --- Jo Cheol Je --- Jo Jeongsan --- Mugeukdo --- Tageukdo --- Park Wudang --- Jeungsando --- Three Teachings (Buddhism, Confucianism, Taoism) --- Japanese occupation --- countercult movement --- Lee Man Hee --- marginal religions --- Rectified Confucian Way (Kaengjŏngyudo) --- Blue Crane Village (Ch’ŏnghak tong) --- Caodaism --- East Asian new religious movements --- Rational Choice Theory --- religious art --- sacred murals --- phenomenological approach --- Poland --- sacred space --- Institute for Research in Human Happiness --- Nakagawa Takashi --- spiritual communications (霊言, reigen) --- El Cantāre --- Ōkawa Ryūhō (大川隆法) --- superstition --- Monism (Monismus) --- German Monist League (Deutsche Monistenbund) --- Ernst Haeckel --- Darwinian movement --- New Thought movement --- Unarius Academy of Science (Universal Articulate Interdimensional Understanding of Science) --- Raëlism --- Mutual UFO Network (MUFON) --- cryonics --- Cryonic suspension --- pseudoscience --- Religion of Science --- Secularism --- Paul Carus --- German Neopaganism --- American Metaphysical Religion --- history of philosophy --- New Age healing --- technology --- disenchantment --- reenchantment --- scientism --- transhumanism --- religion-science hybridity --- myth of disenchantment --- Shoko Asahara (麻原彰晃) --- ascetic practices --- feeling communities --- Hikari no Wa (光の輪) --- Brahma Kumaris movement (Nepal) --- private religion --- public religion --- Nepal --- women in Nepal --- women in Aum Shinrikyo (オウム真理教) --- Hindu puja --- Bhaktivedanta Institute for Higher Studies --- Bhaktivedanta Institute --- A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupāda --- social media --- Twitter --- commercialization --- commodification --- Modern Witchcraft --- cultural appropriation --- testimony --- testimonials --- Chinese new religious movements --- Body-Mind-Spirit --- self-cultivation --- sinicization --- glocalization --- Christian new religious movements --- Church of Almighty God --- Communist Party of China --- People’s Republic of China (PRC) --- protestant heterodoxy --- indigenous people --- Kaharingan --- Ngaju Dayaks --- religious organizations --- rastafari --- rastafarian --- Saint Lucia --- communal --- agrarian --- caribbean --- Covid-19 --- corona --- pandemic --- coronavirus --- repatriation --- Kiowa Indian Tribe (Oklahoma) --- Westboro Baptist Church (WBC) --- Franklin Merrell-Wolff (1887–1985) --- Assembly of Man --- Alice Bailey --- anti-intellectualism --- Benares League of America --- gurus --- Helena Petrovna Blavatsky (1831-1893) --- Inayat Khan --- Franklin Merrell-Wolff (Yogagnani) --- Gertrude Adams (Lakshmi Devi) --- Thelema --- Aleister Crowley (1875-1947) --- Jane Wolfe (1875-1958) --- Cefalù --- anthropology --- Argentina --- Chile --- Frithjof Schuon (1907-1998) --- indigenous peoples --- literature --- Peru --- philosophy --- Julius Evola (1998-1974) --- traditionalism --- Maryami Sufi Order --- anticult movements --- church policy --- political parties --- Thee Temple ov Psychick Youth (TOPY) --- counterculture --- satanic panic --- media --- Genesis Breyer P-Orridge (1950-2020) --- spirit communication --- Spiritualist churches --- Ballarat Spiritualist Fellowship --- mediums --- Lorraine Culross --- Australian Spiritualism --- belief --- doctrine --- Modern Paganism --- Community --- Performance --- Ritual --- asatru --- ex-mormon women --- religious disaffiliation --- religion and gender --- sociology of religion --- ancestor veneration --- heathenry --- white supremacism --- Raven's Knoll --- Racism in Heathenry --- multiculturalism --- nonviolence --- North American Jainism --- Jain Associations in North America (JAINA) --- Jainism and Covid-19 --- Anthroposophical Society --- Commando Unit 269 --- Israeli Defense Force (IDF) --- Israel Society --- militarism --- Emin Society --- Emin cult --- new religious movements in Israel --- David Koresh (1959-1993) --- Vernon Howell --- Koreshans --- Koreshan Unity --- Cyrus R. Teed (1839-1908) --- Koreshanity --- vodou --- oungan --- Charismatic Christianity --- Haitian Vodou --- critical whiteness studies --- religious citizenship --- hoodoo --- African American Spiritual churches --- New Orleans Voodoo --- Clementine Barnabet --- Louisiana --- Jim Crow --- Voodoo murder --- human sacrifice --- sexuality --- Black religion --- Cyrus Teed --- ascended masters --- decree --- Edna Ballard --- Guy Ballard --- I AM Movement --- lawsuits --- court cases --- Misanthropic Luciferian Order (MLO) --- gnosticism --- Temple of the Black Light --- chaos gnosticism --- black metal --- Baalei Teshuvah --- community leadership --- religious identity --- religious collective identity --- spiritual transformation model --- gender roles --- family practices --- Marija Gimbutas --- Romuva --- Ancient Baltic Religion --- Ancient Baltic Religious Association Romuva --- David Thibodeau --- Netflix --- Kathryn Schroeder