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Gravity surveys have a huge range of applications, indicating density variations in the subsurface and identifying man-made structures, local changes of rock type or even deep-seated structures at the crust/mantle boundary. This important one-stop book combines an introductory manual of practical procedures with a full explanation of analysis techniques, enabling students, geophysicists, geologists and engineers to understand the methodology, applications and limitations of a gravity survey. Filled with examples from a wide variety of acquisition problems, the book instructs students in avoiding common mistakes and misconceptions. It explores the increasing near-surface geophysical applications being opened up by improvements in instrumentation and provides more advance-level material as a useful introduction to potential theory. This is a key text for graduate students of geophysics and for professionals using gravity surveys, from civil engineers and archaeologists to oil and mineral prospectors and geophysicists seeking to learn more about the Earth's deep interior.

Gravity anomalies --- Geophysical surveys. --- Measurement. --- Earth (Planet) --- Crust. --- Geophysics --- Geophysics surveys --- Surveys --- Anomalies, Gravity --- Bouguer anomalies --- Gravity, Local disturbance of --- Isostatic anomalies --- Gravity --- Plumb-line deflections --- Prospecting --- Geophysical methods --- Earth

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By focusing on the mostly used variational methods, this monograph aspires to give a unified description and comparison of various ways of constructing conserved quantities for perturbations and to study symmetries in general relativity and modified theories of gravity. The main emphasis lies on the field-theoretical covariant formulation of perturbations, the canonical Noether approach and the Belinfante procedure of symmetrisation. The general formalism is applied to build the gauge-invariant cosmological perturbation theory, conserved currents and superpotentials to describe physically important solutions of gravity theories. Meticulous attention is given to the construction of conserved quantities in asymptotically-flat spacetimes as well as in asymptotically constant curvature spacetimes such as the Anti-de Sitter space. Significant part of the book can be used in graduate courses on conservation laws in general relativity. THE SERIES: DE GRUYTER STUDIES IN MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS The series is devoted to the publication of monographs and high-level texts in mathematical physics. They cover topics and methods in fields of current interest, with an emphasis on didactical presentation. The series will enable readers to understand, apply, and develop further, with sufficient rigor, mathematical methods to given problems in physics. The works in this series are aimed at advanced students and researchers in mathematical and theoretical physics. They can also serve as secondary reading for lectures and seminars at advanced levels.

Gravity. --- Gravity anomalies. --- Gravitational waves. --- General relativity (Physics) --- Force and energy. --- Conservation of energy --- Correlation of forces --- Energy --- Physics --- Dynamics --- Relativistic theory of gravitation --- Relativity theory, General --- Gravitation --- Relativity (Physics) --- Gravitational radiation --- Gravity waves (Astrophysics) --- Gravitational fields --- Radiation --- Waves --- Anomalies, Gravity --- Bouguer anomalies --- Gravity, Local disturbance of --- Isostatic anomalies --- Gravity --- Plumb-line deflections --- Prospecting --- Geophysics --- Mechanics --- Pendulum --- Geophysical methods

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The process of regional-residual separation in potential field is age-old.  Broadly, there are two techniques for regional-residual resolution, viz., graphical and analytical. Both the techniques have their own respective shortcomings. In this book, the authors have described the technique based on finite element method in which only eight (or twelve) nodal observed gravity values are used for the regional computation, thereby eliminating the possible contamination of anomalous fields and also the technique does not assume an explicit model and physical properties like density of rocks etc. in the regional computation. The book discusses the advantages of this technique viz., it is not site-specific; the computation is independent of any prior assumptions as to the form and depth of shallow or deeper structures; it can handle data distributed at random or on a regular grid on the map space; and the neighbouring surveys join smoothly.   The book focuses on application of this new technique which has been demonstrated in different fields, such as hydrocarbon, minerals and groundwater, structural studies, earthquake and engineering studies and impact structures.

Gravity anomalies. --- Physics --- Astronomy & Astrophysics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Cosmic Physics --- Theoretical Astronomy --- Geophysics. --- Geological physics --- Terrestrial physics --- Anomalies, Gravity --- Bouguer anomalies --- Gravity, Local disturbance of --- Isostatic anomalies --- Earth sciences. --- Mineral resources. --- Geotechnical engineering. --- Physical measurements. --- Measurement. --- Engineering. --- Earth Sciences. --- Geophysics/Geodesy. --- Geotechnical Engineering & Applied Earth Sciences. --- Engineering, general. --- Mineral Resources. --- Measurement Science and Instrumentation. --- Earth sciences --- Gravity --- Plumb-line deflections --- Prospecting --- Geophysical methods --- Physical geography. --- Deposits, Mineral --- Mineral deposits --- Mineral resources --- Mines and mining --- Mining --- Natural resources --- Geology, Economic --- Minerals --- Construction --- Industrial arts --- Technology --- Geography --- Measurement   . --- Measuring --- Mensuration --- Mathematics --- Metrology --- Physical measurements --- Measurements, Physical --- Mathematical physics --- Measurement --- Engineering, Geotechnical --- Geotechnics --- Geotechnology --- Engineering geology