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In William Ockham on Metaphysics , Jenny Pelletier offers an account of Ockham's concept of metaphysics as it emerges throughout his philosophical and theological work. She argues that Ockham (c. 1287-1347) believed metaphysics to be a fruitful branch of philosophy and gives a preliminary description of its distinctive subject-matter. Metaphysics is the science that studies all beings and their most general properties. Ockham was considered by some to be profoundly skeptical of metaphysics. Recent scholarship tends to focus on regional metaphysical issues (e.g. universals, relations), logic or semantics, theory of cognition, concepts, mental language. Jenny Pelletier provides a positive interpretation of Ockham on metaphysics as such that enriches our current understanding of this seminal medieval thinker.
Metaphysics. --- Guillaume d'Ockham, --- William, --- Métaphysique --- 1 GUILELMUS DE OCCAM --- Filosofie. Psychologie--GUILELMUS DE OCCAM --- 1 GUILELMUS DE OCCAM Filosofie. Psychologie--GUILELMUS DE OCCAM --- Guglielmo, --- Guilelmus, --- Guilhelmus, --- Guillelmus, --- Gulielmus, --- Occam, --- Occam, Guillaume d', --- Occam, William, --- Occamus, Guilielmus, --- Occhamus, Gulielmus, --- Ockam, Guilhelmus de, --- Ockham, William, --- Okkam, Uilʹi︠a︡m, --- Okkʻam, William, --- Wilhelm, --- William Okkʻam, --- God --- Ontology --- Philosophy --- Philosophy of mind --- Guillaume, --- Metaphysics --- Métaphysique --- Guillermo, --- Guillaume d'Ockham --- Métaphysique. --- William, - of Ockham, - approximately 1285-approximately 1349
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Aristotle's De anima shaped philosophical debates far beyond the Middle Ages and gave rise to a number of theories about the nature of the soul, its various functions and its relation to the body. The ten contributions to this book, a special issue of the journal Vivarium, examine some of these theories in the period between Albertus Magnus and Descartes. They pay particular attention to the question of how the metaphysical status of the soul and its parts was explained, and analyze Aristotelian accounts of cognitive activities such as perceiving, imagining and thinking. The ten case studies focus both on defenders of the Aristotelian paradigm and on its critics, arguing that one should not look for a moment of break with Aristotelianism, but for various stages of transformation.
Âme --- Albert le Grand (saint ; 1200?-1280) --- Duns Scotus, Johannes (1265-1308) --- Guillaume d'Ockham (1285?-1347) --- Jean de Jandun --- Valla, Lorenzo (1407-1457) --- Scaliger, Jules César (1484-1558) --- Cardano, Gerolamo (1501-1576) --- Descartes, René (1596-1650) --- Cureau de La Chambre, Marin (1594-1669) --- Âme --- Histoire --- 13e-17e siècle --- Albert le Grand (saint ; 1200?-1280) --- Contribution au concept d'âme --- Duns Scotus, Johannes (1265-1308) --- Contribution au concept d'âme --- Guillaume d'Ockham (1285?-1347) --- Contribution au concept d'âme --- Jean de Jandun --- Contribution au concept d'âme Philo-L. --- Valla, Lorenzo (1407-1457) --- Contribution au concept d'âme Philo-L. --- Scaliger, Jules César (1484-1558) --- Contribution au concept d'âme --- Cardano, Gerolamo (1501-1576) --- Contribution au concept d'âme --- Descartes, René (1596-1650) --- Contribution au concept d'âme --- Cureau de La Chambre, Marin (1594-1669) --- Contribution au concept d'âme
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Ockham's razor, the principle of parsimony, states that simpler theories are better than theories that are more complex. It has a history dating back to Aristotle and it plays an important role in current physics, biology, and psychology. The razor also gets used outside of science - in everyday life and in philosophy. This book evaluates the principle and discusses its many applications. Fascinating examples from different domains provide a rich basis for contemplating the principle's promises and perils. It is obvious that simpler theories are beautiful and easy to understand; the hard problem is to figure out why the simplicity of a theory should be relevant to saying what the world is like. In this book, the ABCs of probability theory are succinctly developed and put to work to describe two 'parsimony paradigms' within which this problem can be solved.
Logic --- Ockham, of, William --- Reasoning --- Problem Solving --- Simplicity (Philosophy) --- Philosophy, Medieval --- Guilelmus de Occam, --- Simplicité (philosophie) --- Principe d'économie (philosophie) --- Résolution de problème --- Guillaume d'Ockham, --- Reasoning. --- Problem solving. --- Philosophy, Medieval. --- William, --- Simplicity (Philosophy). --- Résolution de problème. --- Guilelmus de Occam, - ca. 1285-1349 --- Medieval philosophy --- Scholasticism --- Philosophy --- Methodology --- Psychology --- Decision making --- Executive functions (Neuropsychology) --- Argumentation --- Ratiocination --- Reason --- Thought and thinking --- Judgment (Logic) --- Guglielmo, --- Guilelmus, --- Guilhelmus, --- Guillaume, --- Guillelmus, --- Guillermo, --- Occam, --- Occam, Guillaume d', --- Occam, William, --- Occamus, Guilielmus, --- Occhamus, Gulielmus, --- Ockam, Guilhelmus de, --- Ockham, William, --- Okkam, Uilʹi︠a︡m, --- Okkʻam, William, --- Wilhelm, --- William Okkʻam,
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Geoffrey Chaucer's Troilus and Criseyde invites philosophical speculation because of its Boethian and nominalist elements. This study comprehensively reviews Ockhamism and its possible influence on Chaucer in his version of the Troy story. A close analysis of the anachronistic characterizations of Troilus, Criseyde, and Pandarus and of the images, words and discourse of the poem leads to the conclusion that Chaucer was a traditional scholastic thinker, thereby making the poem an artistic negative response to the skeptical philosophy of his time.
Philosophy, Medieval, in literature --- Troilus (Legendary character) in literature. --- Trojan War --- Cressida (Fictitious character) --- Philosophie médiévale dans la littérature --- Troïlos (Personnage légendaire) dans la littérature --- Guerre de Troie --- Cressida (Personnage fictif) --- Literature and the war. --- Littérature et guerre --- Chaucer, Geoffrey, --- William, --- Influence. --- Philosophie médiévale dans la littérature --- Troïlos (Personnage légendaire) dans la littérature --- Littérature et guerre --- Princesses --- Femmes --- Philosophie médiévale --- Dans la littérature --- Guillaume d'Ockham --- Chaucer, Geoffrey --- Influence --- Troie (ville ancienne) --- Philosophie médiévale. --- Dans la littérature.
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The English Franciscan William of Ockham (c.1285-1347) was one of the most influential philosophers and theologians in late medieval Europe. Fresh scholarship has shown his profound impact on logic, metaphysics, epistemology and the philosophy of language in the late Middle Ages and beyond. Following a dispute between the papacy and his Order, Ockham abandoned his academic career and devoted himself to anti-papal polemics. Scholars have produced divergent and often contradictory interpretations of Ockham as a political thinker: a destructive critic of the medieval Church, a medieval Catholic traditionalist, the Franciscan ideologue, and a constitutional liberal. This 2007 book offers a fresh reappraisal of Ockham's political thought by approaching his anti-papal writings as a series of polemical responses. His aggressive and persistent attack on the papacy emerges in this study as an attempt to rescue the ethical foundations of the Christian society from the political influences of heretical popes.
William, --- Political and social views. --- Engeland. --- Political science --- History --- Philosophy --- Administration --- Civil government --- Commonwealth, The --- Government --- Political theory --- Political thought --- Politics --- Science, Political --- Social sciences --- State, The --- Guglielmo, --- Guilelmus, --- Guilhelmus, --- Guillaume, --- Guillelmus, --- Gulielmus, --- Occam, --- Occam, Guillaume d', --- Occam, William, --- Occamus, Guilielmus, --- Occhamus, Gulielmus, --- Ockam, Guilhelmus de, --- Ockham, William, --- Okkam, Uilʹi︠a︡m, --- Okkʻam, William, --- Wilhelm, --- William Okkʻam, --- Guillermo, --- Middle Ages. --- Philosophy. --- Dark Ages --- History, Medieval --- Medieval history --- Medieval period --- Middle Ages --- World history, Medieval --- World history --- Civilization, Medieval --- Medievalism --- Renaissance --- Political philosophy --- Arts and Humanities --- Political science - History - To 1500. --- Political science - Philosophy - History - To 1500. --- William, - of Ockham, - ca. 1285-ca. 1349 - Political and social views. --- Guillaume d'Ockham (1285?-1349?) --- Science politique --- Critique et interprétation --- Influence --- Moyen âge --- 20e siècle --- William, - of Ockham, - ca. 1285-ca. 1349
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