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Mexican educator and thinker Jose Vasconcelos is to Latinos what W.E.B. Du Bois is to African Americans--a controversial scholar who fostered an alternative view of the future. In Josè Vasconcelos: The Prophet of Race, his influential 1925 essay, "Mestizaje" key to understanding the role he played in the shaping of multiethnic America--is for the first time showcased and properly analyzed. Freshly translated here by John H. R. Polt, "Mestizaje" suggested that the Brown Race from Latin America was called to dominate the world, a thesis embraced by activists and scholars north and south of the Rio Grande. Ilan Stavans insightfully and comprehensively examines the essay in biographical and historical context, and considers how many in the United States, especially Chicanos during the civil rights era, used it as a platform for their political agenda. The volume also includes Vasconcelos's long-forgotten 1926 Harris Foundation Lecture at the University of Chicago, "The Race Problem in Latin America," where he cautioned the United States that rejecting mestizaje in our own midst will ultimately bankrupt the nation.

Cosmology. --- Mestizaje. --- Mestizos. --- Astronomy --- Deism --- Metaphysics --- Mestizo culture --- Mestizo-ization --- Miscegenation --- Eurindians (Latin America) --- Hispano-Indians (Latin America) --- Mestiços --- Indians --- Latin Americans --- Racially mixed people --- Mixed descent --- Vasconcelos, Jose, --- Calderón, José Vasconcelos, --- Vasconcelos Calderón, José, --- Vaskonselos, Khose, --- Philosophy. --- Criticism and interpretation. --- Latin America --- Race relations. --- Vasconcelos, José, --- Vasconcelos, José

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In the early twentieth century, Peruvian intellectuals, unlike their European counterparts, rejected biological categories of race as a basis for discrimination. But this antiracist ideology did not eliminate social hierarchies; instead, it redefined racial categories as cultural differences, such as differences in education or manners. In "Indigenous Mestizos", Marisol de la Cadena traces the history of the notion of race from this turn-of-the-century definition to a current denial of the definition's scientific validity. De la Cadena's ethnographically and historically rich study examines how indigenous citizens of the city of Cuzco have been conceived by others as well as how they have viewed themselves and places these conceptions within the struggle for political identity and representation.Demonstrating that the terms Indian and mestizo are complex, ambivalent, and influenced by social, legal, and political changes, she provides close readings of everyday concepts such as marketplace identity, religious ritual, grassroots dance, and popular culture, as well as of such common terms as respect, decency, and education. She shows how Indian has come to mean an indigenous person without economic and educational means - one who is illiterate, impoverished, and rural. Mestizo, on the other hand, has come to refer to an urban, usually literate, and economically successful person claiming indigenous heritage and participating in indigenous cultural practices.De la Cadena argues that this version of de-Indianization - which, rather than assimilation, is a complex political negotiation for a dignified identity - does not cancel the economic and political equalities of racism in Peru, although it has made room for some people to reclaim a decolonised Andean cultural heritage. This highly original synthesis of diverse theoretical arguments brought to bear on a series of case studies will be of interest to scholars of cultural anthropology, post-colonialism, race and ethnicity, gender studies, and history, in addition to Latin Americanists.

Mestizos --- Indians of South America --- Racism --- #SBIB:39A74 --- #SBIB:39A6 --- Bias, Racial --- Race bias --- Race prejudice --- Racial bias --- Prejudices --- Anti-racism --- Race relations --- American aborigines --- American Indians --- Indigenous peoples --- Eurindians (Latin America) --- Hispano-Indians (Latin America) --- Mestiços --- Indians --- Latin Americans --- Racially mixed people --- Social conditions. --- Mixed descent --- Etnografie: Amerika --- Etniciteit / Migratiebeleid en -problemen --- Ethnology --- Cuzco (Peru) --- Social conditions --- Critical race theory --- Cusco (Cuzco, Peru) --- Qosqo (Peru) --- Cosco (Peru) --- Cozco (Peru) --- Cusco (Peru) --- Mestizos - Peru - Cuzco - Social conditions --- Indians of South America - Mixed descent - Peru - Cuzco --- Racism - Peru - Cuzco --- Cuzco (Peru) - Social conditions

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This book opens new dimensions on race in Latin America by examining the extreme caste groups of colonial Mexico. In tracing their experiences, a broader understanding of the connection between mestizaje (Latin America's modern ideology of racial mixture) and the colonial caste system is rendered. Before mestizaje emerged as a primary concept in Latin America, an earlier precursor existed that must be taken seriously. This colonial form of racial hybridity, encased in an elastic caste system, allowed some people to live through multiple racial lives. Hence, the great fusion of races that swept Latin America and defined its modernity, carries an important corollary. Mestizaje, when viewed at its roots, is not just about mixture, but also about dissecting and reconnecting lives.  Such experiences may have carved a special ability for some Latin American populations to reach across racial groups to relate with and understand multiple racial perspectives. This overlooked, deep history of mestizaje is a legacy that can be built upon in modern times.

Caste --- Mestizos --- Racially mixed people --- Individual differences --- Group identity --- Social control --- Social conflict --- Sociology --- Liberty --- Pressure groups --- Collective identity --- Community identity --- Cultural identity --- Social identity --- Identity (Psychology) --- Social psychology --- Collective memory --- Differences, Individual --- Difference (Psychology) --- Bi-racial people --- Biracial people --- Interracial people --- Mixed race people --- Mixed-racial people --- Mulattoes --- Multiracial people --- Peoples of mixed descent --- Ethnic groups --- Miscegenation --- Eurindians (Latin America) --- Hispano-Indians (Latin America) --- Mestiços --- Indians --- Latin Americans --- Manners and customs --- History --- Political aspects&delete& --- Mixed descent --- Mexico --- Anáhuac --- Estados Unidos Mexicanos --- Maxico --- Méjico --- Mekishiko --- Meḳsiḳe --- Meksiko --- Meksyk --- Messico --- Mexique (Country) --- República Mexicana --- Stany Zjednoczone Meksyku --- United Mexican States --- United States of Mexico --- מקסיקו --- メキシコ --- Race relations --- History. --- Social conditions --- History of Mexico --- anno 1500-1799 --- anno 1800-1999 --- Political aspects --- Mexican United States

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Presents the first full-length study to treat both parts of Inca Garcilaso de la Vega's foundational text, "Royal Commentaries of the Incas," as a seminal work of political thought in the formation of the early Americas and the early modern period. It is also among a handful of studies to explore the "Commentaries" as "mestizo rhetoric," written to subtly address both native Andean readers and Hispano-Europeans. As the author demonstrates, by blending Andean and European discourses to represent Inca history, Garcilaso further proposed restoring indigenous sovereignty by adopting a new mestizo governing body via the political alliance and intermarriage of encomenderos (estate holders) and Incas. This policy extended to education, missionary, and other practices, reflecting Garcilaso's hopes of forming a peaceful coexistence among native Andeans, mestizos, and first-generation Spaniards.

Incas --- Mestizos --- Eurindians (Latin America) --- Hispano-Indians (Latin America) --- Mestiços --- Indians --- Latin Americans --- Racially mixed people --- Inca Indians --- Indians of South America --- Historiography. --- Philosophy --- History. --- Mixed descent --- Vega, Garcilaso de la, --- Garcilaso de la Vega, --- El Inca, --- La Vega, Garcilaso de, --- Vega, Garcilaso Inca de la, --- Inca de la Vega, Garcilaso, --- De la Vega, Garcilaso Inca, --- Inca Garcilaso, --- Garcilaso, Inca, --- Inca, El, --- Laso de la Vega, Garci, --- Laso de la Vega, García, --- De la Vega, Garci Laso, --- De la Vega, García Laso, --- La Vega, Garci Laso de, --- La Vega, García Laso de, --- Vega, Ynca Garcillasso de la, --- La Vega, Ynca Garcillasso de, --- De la Vega, Ynca Garcillasso, --- Garcillasso de la Vega, Ynca, --- Garcilasso de la Vega, Ynca, --- De la Vega, Ynca Garcilasso, --- La Vega, Ynca Garcilasso de, --- Garcilaso de la Vega, Inka, --- Garcilaso, Inka, --- Inka Garcilaso, --- Suárez de Figueroa, Gómez, --- Gómez Suárez de Figueroa, --- Peru --- Bīrū --- Dēmokratia tou Perou --- Gweriniaeth Periw --- Jumhūrī-i Purū --- Jumhūrīyat Bīrū --- Lýðveldið Peru --- Pearu --- Peiriú --- Periw --- Pérou --- Peru ka Fasojamana --- Perú Kiōng-hô-kok --- Peru Respublikası --- Perua Respubliko --- Peruánská republika --- Peruko Errepublika --- Perun tasavalta --- Peruo --- Peruu --- Peruu Vabariik --- Pheroo --- Piru --- Piruw --- Piruw Suyu --- Pobblaght ny Peroo --- Purū --- Republic of Peru --- República del Perú --- Republica di u Perù --- República do Perú --- República Peruana --- Republiek van Peru --- Republik Peru --- Republika Peru --- Republikken Peru --- République du Pérou --- Rėspublika Peru --- Περού --- Δημοκρατία του Περού --- Рэспубліка Перу --- Република Перу --- Перу --- بيرو --- جمهورية بيرو --- پرو --- ペルー --- Peru-Bolivian Confederation --- History --- Comentarios reales de los incas (Vega, Garcilaso de la) --- 1548-1820 --- Historia general del Perú (Vega, Garcilaso de la) --- Commentarios reales (Vega, Garcilaso de la) --- Royal commentaries of the Incas, and general history of Peru (Vega, Garcilaso de la) --- Commentarios reales (Garcilaso de la Vega, el Inca)