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In the early days, a choice was made not to entrust the EU with competences allowing it to protect against violations of fundamental rights per se. This task was placed in the hands of the Council of Europe. Although this choice has not been called into question, the EU has developed a broad range of instruments to respond to the impact of its activities on fundamental rights and a mechanism for surveillance of compliance with the rule of law. One trend that has been subject to little attention, and to which this book is devoted, is the exercise by the EU of a new generation of competences that allow for the development of tools explicitly designed to flesh out as well as to promote selected fundamental rights. The exercise of such competences, of which EU equality law as it has blossomed since the late 1990s is the most ancient example and therefore the central case study, triggers a number of constitutional questions. The sophisticated and powerful infrastructure of the EU legal order is thereby used to promote a given conception of a fundamental right, to define how it relates to others, and also to elaborate mechanisms for these approaches to permeate domestic legal cultures. This monograph explores the implications of this very symbolic and equally sensitive form of law-making. Particular attention is devoted to the complex relationship between primary and secondary law as well as to the importance of stimulating reflection on fundamental rights within the domestic sphere.

Discrimination --- Equality --- Law and legislation --- Equality before the law --- Égalité devant la loi --- Égalité --- Droit --- Égalité devant la loi --- Égalité --- Discrimination - Law and legislation - European Union countries. --- Equality - European Union countries. --- Bias --- Interpersonal relations --- Minorities --- Toleration --- Equal rights --- Civil rights --- Justice --- Equal rights amendments

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This text is the Europe volume in an international series on income, wealth, consumption, well-being, & inequality. It focuses on the European Union (EU) & its member countries & other European countries that are in close association with it. The book provides an overview of economic & social trends in the countries & in country groupings. It takes the long-term process of European integration as a starting point. It addresses policy areas pertaining to certain aspects of inequality & the European social model in thematic chapters. It makes a specific point to look at the EU not as a conglomerate of individual countries but as an economic & political entity whose parts are closely interlinked politically & economically. It considers commonalities & differences in institutions & policies as they might impact the situation not just in one country but in the Union as a whole.

Equality --- Wealth --- Income distribution --- Distribution of income --- Income inequality --- Inequality of income --- Distribution (Economic theory) --- Disposable income --- Affluence --- Distribution of wealth --- Fortunes --- Riches --- Business --- Economics --- Finance --- Capital --- Money --- Property --- Well-being --- Egalitarianism --- Inequality --- Social equality --- Social inequality --- Political science --- Sociology --- Democracy --- Liberty --- Income distribution - European Union countries. --- Wealth - European Union countries. --- Equality - European Union countries. --- European Union countries - Economic conditions - 21st century. --- European Union countries --- EU countries --- Euroland --- Europe --- Economic conditions

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This edited collection analyses social inequality in the European Union, within and between countries. The work critically explores both vertical inequality, existing between those with high incomes and low incomes, and horizontal inequality, existing between groups according to nationality, age, ethnicity, and gender. Reducing Inequalities has been written by leading academics in the field who describe the current social situation in the European Union, focussing on inequality from a multidimensional perspective that includes income, poverty, social exclusion, education. The authors argue that social issues such as these have become national prerogatives for countries within the European Union. In response they ask: How does the European Union engage with inequality today? What principles of social solidarity ought to be applied between states and citizens of the European Union? What should be the role of European Union and its institutions regarding the challenge of reducing inequality? This book will be of interest to anyone seeking to understand inequality as a multidimensional concept, rather than solely as an economic phenomenon, across different geographical and historical contexts.

Social sciences. --- Public policy. --- European Union. --- Social structure. --- Social inequality. --- Economic sociology. --- Political sociology. --- Social policy. --- Social Sciences. --- Social Structure, Social Inequality. --- Organizational Studies, Economic Sociology. --- Political Sociology. --- European Union Politics. --- Public Policy. --- Comparative Social Policy. --- National planning --- State planning --- Economic policy --- Family policy --- Social history --- Mass political behavior --- Political behavior --- Political science --- Sociology --- Economic sociology --- Economics --- Socio-economics --- Socioeconomics --- Sociology of economics --- Egalitarianism --- Inequality --- Social equality --- Social inequality --- Democracy --- Liberty --- Organization, Social --- Social organization --- Anthropology --- Social institutions --- Behavioral sciences --- Human sciences --- Sciences, Social --- Social science --- Social studies --- Civilization --- Sociological aspects --- Social aspects --- E.U. --- Equality - European Union countries --- European Union countries - Social conditions --- Equality --- European Union countries. --- European Union countries --- Social conditions. --- Equality.