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This text provides a definitive, scholarly, and systematic history of the Chambers of Commerce (local organizations of business people) from their origins in the 18th century, through their historical development up to the present date.

Boards of trade --- History.

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Boards of trade --- Trade associations

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Boards of trade --- Professional associations --- Directories --- Directories

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Boards of trade --- Suretyship and guaranty --- Business & economics --- Law

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Chambers of commerce developed in China as a key part of its sociopolitical changes. In 1902, the first Chinese chamber of commerce appeared in Shanghai. By the time the Qing dynasty ended, over 1,000 general chambers, affiliated chambers, and branch chambers had been established throughout China. In this new work, author Zhongping Chen examines Chinese chambers of commerce and their network development across Lower Yangzi cities and towns, as well as the nationwide arena. He details how they achieved increasing integration, and how their collective actions deeply influenced nation

Boards of trade --- Social networks --- Social change --- History --- China --- Politics and government