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Airspace. --- Augmentation. --- Cockpits. --- Technology utilization. --- Weight reduction.

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Objectives: The aim of this following study was to assess dimensional changes after two different socket sealing techniques. Material and methods: Twelve patients, 5 males and 7 females, aged from 37 to 75, requiring a tooth and a delayed implant placement were randomly selected to receive two different alveolar ridge preservation techniques. In the control group the extraction socket was filled with demineralized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) and sealed with a gingival soft tissue punch and in the test group the extraction socket was also filled with DBBM but sealed with a hemostatic gelatin sponge. Impressions were assessed before and six months after tooth extraction, the casts were digitalized and compared on horizontal (Level 1, 3, 5) and vertical dimensions. A visual pain scale was used to compare pain between groups. Results: The mean vertical loss for the control group was 1, 25 ± 0, 44 mm. The test group showed vertical loss of 0, 86 ± 0, and 71 mm. The horizontal dimensional changes of the alveolar socket were 5, 15 ± 1, 69/ 3, 15 ± 0, 90 at levels 3 and 5 mm for the control group, no statistically significant dimensional changes could be assessed at level 1 mm du to important vertical loss. The test group showed dimensional changes of 6, 51 ± 3,54/3,54 ± 1.27/1,79 ± 0.70 mm at the three different levels. When these horizontal and vertical dimensions were tested with an unpaired t-test no statistical significance could be found between the groups (P-value > 0, 05). Regarding the post-operative pain, patients reported more severe pain in the control group (5.5/10) compared to the test groups (3.5/10) but the difference was not statistically significant .Conclusion: the finding of this present study confirm that a complete preservation of the alveolar crest with an alveolar preservation technique is unlikely. No significant difference was found between the control and test group regarding the horizontal dimensional changes and post-operative pain was reported to be higher in the control group. Concerning these results, the socket sealing technique with a homeostatic sponge provides a ready-to-use, inexpensive protocol with less post-operative pain and avoids the disadvantages of a palatal donor site.

Alveolar Ridge Augmentation --- Tooth Socket --- Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic

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Flight control. --- Management systems. --- Aircraft control. --- Controllability. --- Safety. --- Propulsion. --- Augmentation.

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Communication networks. --- Mission planning. --- Network analysis. --- Augmentation. --- Telecommunication.

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All aspects of breast augmentation are covered in this comprehensive guide. It is divided into sections that include anatomy, preoperative consultation, the varieties of implants with pocket positioning, the varieties of surgical procedures and approaches, complications, mammography and medical legal aspects. The extensive array of information that is imparted to the surgeon without equal makes it a precious companion for students, residents and fellows, practicing surgeons and highly experienced surgeons in plastic surgery, cosmetic surgery, general surgery and other subspecialties.

Augmentation mammaplasty. --- Surgery, Plastic. --- Breast augmentation surgery --- Size augmentation of the breast --- Size augmentation --- Medicine. --- Dermatology. --- Gynecology. --- Surgery. --- Plastic surgery. --- Medicine & Public Health. --- Plastic Surgery. --- General Surgery. --- Aesthetic surgery --- Cosmetic surgery --- Plastic surgery --- Reconstructive surgery --- Surgery, Aesthetic --- Surgery, Cosmetic --- Surgery, Reconstructive --- Transplantation of organs, tissues, etc. --- Plastic surgeons --- Breast --- Mammaplasty --- Gynaecology --- Medicine --- Generative organs, Female --- Skin --- Surgery, Primitive --- Diseases --- Gynecology .