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Aksum (Kingdom)

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Excavations (Archaeology) --- Tigray Region (Ethiopia) --- Antiquities. --- Aksum (Kingdom) --- Asia --- Ethiopia --- Fouilles (Archéologie) --- Tigray (Ethiopie : Région administrative) --- Aksoum (Royaume) --- Antiquities --- Antiquités --- Fouilles (Archéologie) --- Tigray (Ethiopie : Région administrative) --- Antiquités

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This book, derived from the acclaimed Cambridge Encyclopedia of the World's Ancient Languages, describes the ancient languages of Mesopotamia, Egypt and Aksum, for the convenience of students and specialists working in that area. Each chapter of the work focuses on an individual language or, in some instances, a set of closely related varieties of a language. Providing a full descriptive presentation, each of these chapters examines the writing system(s), phonology, morphology, syntax and lexicon of that language, and places the language within its proper linguistic and historical context. The volume brings together an international array of scholars, each a leading specialist in ancient language study. While designed primarily for scholars and students of linguistics, this work will prove invaluable to all whose studies take them into the realm of ancient language.

Hamitic languages --- Historical linguistics --- Assyria, Babylonia, Mesopotamia --- Ethiopia --- Egypt --- Extinct languages --- Historical linguistics. --- Langues mortes --- Linguistique historique --- Iraq --- Aksum (Kingdom) --- Irak --- Egypte --- Aksoum (Royaume) --- Languages --- History. --- Langues --- Histoire --- Languages. --- Dead languages --- Languages, Extinct --- Language and languages --- Language obsolescence --- Axum (Kingdom) --- Afroasiatic languages --- Akkadien (langue) --- Copte (langue) --- Égyptien ancien (langue) --- Guèze (langue) --- Sumérien (langue)

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The current volume serves as an introduction to a representative sample of Ancient Near Eastern languages and language families attested during the time period of roughly 3200 BCE to the second century CE. This time-frame reflects the time from the beginning of writing (around 3200 BCE) to the end of cuneiform writing in the second century CE. The geographical scope selected reaches from Egypt through the Levant, Anatolia, northern Syria, Mesopotamia, all the way to southern Arabia and thus reflects all major cultures attested in the Ancient Near East during this time period. Although it was impossible to include a description of all languages attested in this wide geographical area throughout more than three millennia due to limitations in space, at least most language families are represented, such as Egyptian, Sumerian, Semitic, Indo-European, Elamite, and Hurrian

Extinct languages --- Iraq --- Egypt --- Aksum (Kingdom) --- Middle East --- Languages. --- Languages --- History. --- Dead languages --- Languages, Extinct --- Language and languages --- Language obsolescence --- Asia, South West --- Asia, Southwest --- Asia, West --- Asia, Western --- East (Middle East) --- Eastern Mediterranean --- Fertile Crescent --- Levant --- Mediterranean Region, Eastern --- Mideast --- Near East --- Northern Tier (Middle East) --- South West Asia --- Southwest Asia --- West Asia --- Western Asia --- Orient --- Axum (Kingdom)

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Focuses on the Aksumite state of the first millennium AD in northern Ethiopia and southern Eritrea, its development, florescence and eventual transformation into the so-called medieval civilisation ofChristian Ethiopia. This book seeks to apply a common methodology, utilising archaeology, art-history, written documents and oral tradition from a wide variety of sources; the result is a far greateremphasis on continuity than previous studies have revealed. It is thus a major re-interpretation of a key development in Ethiopia's past, while raising and discussing methodological issues of the relationship between archaeology and other historical disciplines; these issues, which have theoretical significance extending far beyond Ethiopia, are discussed in full.
The last millennium BC is seen as a time when northern Ethiopia and parts of Eritrea were inhabited by farming peoples whose ancestry may be traced far back into the local 'Late Stone Age'. Colonisation from southern Arabia, towhich defining importance has been attached by earlier researchers, is now seen to have been brief in duration and small in scale, its effects largely restricted to élite sections of the community. Re-consideration of inscriptions shows the need to abandon the established belief in a single 'Pre-Aksumite' state. New evidence for the rise of Aksum during the last centuries BC is critically evaluated.
Finally, new chronological precision is provided for the decline of Aksum and the transfer of centralised political authority to more southerly regions. A new study of the ancient churches -both built and rock-hewn - which survive from this poorly-understood period emphasises once again a strong degree of continuity across periods that were previously regarded as distinct.

David W. Phillipson is Emeritus Professor of African Archaeology and former Director of the University Museum of Archaeology & Anthropology, Cambridge. In 2014 he was made an Associate Fellow of the Ethiopian Academy of Sciences.

Published in association with the British Institute in Eastern Africa.

Ethiopia: Addis Ababa University Press

Aksum (Kingdom) --- Aksum (Ethiopia) --- Ethiopia --- Aksoum (Royaume) --- Aksoum (Ethiopie) --- Ethiopie --- Civilization --- Antiquities --- History --- Civilisation --- Antiquités --- Histoire --- Āksum (Ethiopia) --- Antiquités --- Civilization. --- Antiquities. --- Barbarism --- Auxiliary sciences of history --- Culture --- World Decade for Cultural Development, 1988-1997 --- Archaeological specimens --- Artefacts (Antiquities) --- Artifacts (Antiquities) --- Specimens, Archaeological --- Material culture --- Archaeology --- Axum (Ethiopia) --- Akesum (Ethiopia) --- Axoum (Ethiopia) --- History. --- Axum (Kingdom) --- Āksum (Ethiopia) -- Antiquities. --- Āksum (Ethiopia) -- History. --- SOCIAL SCIENCE / Archaeology. --- Aksumite Civilisation. --- Art. --- British Institute in Eastern Africa. --- Christian Ethiopia. --- Churches. --- David W. Phillipson. --- Eritrea. --- Late Antiquity. --- Literate Communities. --- Northern Ethiopia.