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Electronic records --- Access control.

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This paper examines the effect of technological change and other factors on the relative demand for workers with different education levels and on the recent growth of U.S. educational wage differentials. A simple supply-demand framework is used to interpret changes in the relative quantities, wages, and wage bill shares of workers by education in the aggregate U.S. labor market in each decade since 1940 and from 1990 to 1995. The results suggest that the relative demand for college graduates grew more rapidly on average during the past 25 years (1970-95) than during the previous three decades (1940-70). The increased rate of growth of relative demand for college graduates beginning in the 1970s did not lead to an increase in the college/high school wage diffe- rential until the 1980s because the growth in the supply of college graduates increased even more sharply in the 1970s before returning to historical levels in the 1980s. The acceleration in demand shifts for more-skilled workers in the 1970s and 1980s relative to the 1960s is entirely accounted for by an increase in within-industry changes in skill utilization rather than between- industry employment shifts. Industries with large increases in the rate of skill upgrading in the 1970s and 1980s versus the 1960s are those with greater growth in employee computer usage, more computer capital per worker and larger investment as a share of total investment. The results suggest that the spread of computer technology may `explain' as much as 30-50% of the increase in the rate of growth of the relative demand for more-skilled workers since 1970.

Computers --- Access control

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Criminal records --- Access control.

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Avoid MFA pitfalls--learn how to choose, implement, and troubleshoot MFA in your company Key Features Gain proficiency in using solutions like Okta, Ping Identity, and ForgeRock within the IAM domain Thwart authentication breaches using pragmatic strategies and lessons derived from real-world scenarios Choose the right MFA solutions to enhance your organization's security Book Description MFA has emerged as an essential defense strategy in the wide-ranging landscape of cybersecurity. This book is a comprehensive manual that assists you in picking, implementing, and resolving issues with various authentication products that support MFA. It will guide you to bolster application security without sacrificing the user experience. You'll start with the fundamentals of authentication and the significance of MFA to familiarize yourself with how MFA works and the various types of solutions currently available. As you progress through the chapters, you'll learn how to choose the proper MFA setup to provide the right combination of security and user experience. The book then takes you through methods hackers use to bypass MFA and measures to safeguard your applications. After familiarizing yourself with enabling and managing leading cloud and on-premise MFA solutions, you'll see how MFA efficiently curbs cyber threats, aided by insights from industry best practices and lessons from real-world experiences. Finally, you'll explore the significance of innovative advancements in this domain, including behavioral biometrics and passkeys. By the end of the book, you'll have the knowledge to secure your workforce and customers, empowering your organization to combat authentication fraud. What you will learn Evaluate the advantages and limitations of MFA methods in use today Choose the best MFA product or solution for your security needs Deploy and configure the chosen solution for maximum effectiveness Identify and mitigate problems associated with different MFA solutions Reduce UX friction with ForgeRock and behavioral biometrics Stay informed about technologies and future trends in the field Who this book is for This book is for developers, system administrators, security professionals, white-hat hackers, CISOs, and anyone interested in understanding and enhancing their access management infrastructure. While basic knowledge of authentication and IAM is helpful, it is not a prerequisite.

Computers --- Access control. --- Mathematics

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Computer security --- Access control.