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Survivability under Overheating : The impact of Regional and Global Climate Change on Vulnerable and Low Income Population
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Year: 2020 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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The present book discusses three significant challenges of the built environment, namely regional and global climate change, vulnerability, and survivability under the changing climate. Synergies between local climate change, energy consumption of buildings and energy poverty, and health risks highlight the necessity to develop mitigation strategies to counterbalance overheating impacts. The studies presented here assess the underlying issues related to urban overheating. Further, the impacts of temperature extremes on the low-income population and increased morbidity and mortality have been discussed. The increasing intensity, duration, and frequency of heatwaves due to human-caused climate change is shown to affect underserved populations. Thus, housing policies on resident exposure to intra-urban heat have been assessed. Finally, opportunities to mitigate urban overheating have been proposed and discussed.


Book
Survivability under Overheating : The impact of Regional and Global Climate Change on Vulnerable and Low Income Population
Authors: --- --- ---
Year: 2020 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Abstract

The present book discusses three significant challenges of the built environment, namely regional and global climate change, vulnerability, and survivability under the changing climate. Synergies between local climate change, energy consumption of buildings and energy poverty, and health risks highlight the necessity to develop mitigation strategies to counterbalance overheating impacts. The studies presented here assess the underlying issues related to urban overheating. Further, the impacts of temperature extremes on the low-income population and increased morbidity and mortality have been discussed. The increasing intensity, duration, and frequency of heatwaves due to human-caused climate change is shown to affect underserved populations. Thus, housing policies on resident exposure to intra-urban heat have been assessed. Finally, opportunities to mitigate urban overheating have been proposed and discussed.


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Biotechnology risk assessment : issues and methods for environmental introductions
Authors: ---
ISBN: 0080342132 1322275998 1483191052 Year: 1986 Publisher: New York (N.Y.): Pergamon


Book
EmbryoGenetics
Authors: ---
Year: 2021 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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The science of human genetics has advanced at an exponential pace since the double-helix structure of DNA was identified in 1953. Within only 25 years of that discovery, the first gene was sequenced. Subsequent efforts in the span of a few decades have brought advanced next-generation sequencing and new tools for genome editing, allowing scientists to write and rewrite the code of life. We are now realizing that genetics represents yet another system of information technology that follows Moore’s law, stating that computer processing power roughly doubles every two years. Importantly, with such rapid and sophisticated advancements, any tools or studies applicable to adult genetics can now also be applied to embryos.Genetic disorders affect 1% of live births and are responsible for 20% of pediatric hospitalizations and 20% of infant mortality. Many disorders are caused by recessive or X-linked genetic mutations carried by 85% of humans. Because assisted reproduction has armed us with technologies like in vitro fertilization that provide access to human embryos, we began to screen some genetic diseases simply by selecting sex. The first live births following preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) to identify sex in X-linked disease were reported by Alan Handyside in 1990. This groundbreaking work used the identification of male embryos and selective transfer of unaffected normal or carrier females as proof-of-concept to avoid genetic diseases, paving the way to extend the concept to PGT for monogenic diseases (PGT-M), including Mendelian single-gene defects (autosomal dominant/recessive, X-linked dominant/recessive), severe childhood lethality or early-onset disease, cancer predisposition, and HLA typing for histocompatible cord-blood stem cells’ transplantation. Later, we moved onto the identification and selection of euploid embryos by analysing all 23 pairs of chromosomes in 4–8 cells from the trophectoderm, called PGT for aneuploidy (PGT-A). PGT-A currently leverages next-generation sequencing technologies to uncover meiotic- and mitotic-origin aneuploidies affecting whole chromosomes, as well as duplications/deletions of small chromosome regions. A step forward was the use of structural chromosome rearrangements (PGT-SR) to identify Robertsonian and reciprocal translocations, inversions, and balanced vs. unbalanced rearrangements. Another advancement came with PGT for polygenic risk scoring (PGT-P). This technique takes us from learning how to read simple words to starting to understand poetry (i.e., evolving from PGT-M/A/SR to PGT-P for multifactorial, polygenic risk prediction). Moreover, we are moving from embryo selection to intervention because the genetic code is not only readable, but also re-writeable. Indeed, gene editing is now possible using tools like CRISPR/Cas9, which are applicable to all species, including human embryos.


Book
Toxicological risk assessment. 1 : Biological and statistical criteria.
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ISBN: 0849359767 0849359775 Year: 1985 Publisher: Boca Raton CRC

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Keywords

Toxicology --- Toxicity testing --- Environmental health --- Toxicité --- Hygiène du milieu --- Research --- Evaluation --- Government policy --- Decision making --- Tests --- Risk. --- Carcinogens --- Neoplasms --- Environmental Health. --- Environmental Exposure. --- Health Policy. --- Probability. --- -Environmental health --- -Toxicity testing --- -Probabilities --- National Health Policy --- Health Policies --- Health Policies, National --- Health Policy, National --- National Health Policies --- Policies, Health --- Policies, National Health --- Policy, Health --- Policy, National Health --- Policy Making --- Environmental Health Science --- Health, Environmental --- Environmental Health Sciences --- Environmental Healths --- Health Science, Environmental --- Health Sciences, Environmental --- Healths, Environmental --- Science, Environmental Health --- Sciences, Environmental Health --- Ecology --- Environmental quality --- Health --- Health ecology --- Public health --- Environmental engineering --- Health risk assessment --- Chemicals --- Medicine --- Pharmacology --- Poisoning --- Poisons --- Toxicological testing --- Toxicology testing --- Toxicology, Experimental --- Relative Risk --- Relative Risks --- Risk, Relative --- Risks --- Risks, Relative --- Risk Reduction Behavior --- Harm Reduction --- Exposure, Environmental --- Environmental Exposures --- Exposures, Environmental --- Sentinel Species --- toxicity. --- chemically induced. --- -Decision making --- Health aspects --- Environmental aspects --- Testing --- Probabilities --- Toxicity testing. --- Evaluation. --- Decision making. --- Research. --- -toxicity. --- Toxicité --- Hygiène du milieu --- Healthcare Policy --- Healthcare Policies --- Policy, Healthcare --- Incidence --- Risk --- Environmental Health --- Environmental Exposure --- Health Policy --- Probability --- -Chemicals --- toxicity --- chemically induced --- -Relative Risk --- Health Care Policies --- Care Policies, Health --- Health Care Policy --- Policies, Health Care --- Policies, Healthcare --- Policy, Health Care --- -Environmental quality --- -toxicity


Book
EmbryoGenetics
Authors: ---
Year: 2021 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Abstract

The science of human genetics has advanced at an exponential pace since the double-helix structure of DNA was identified in 1953. Within only 25 years of that discovery, the first gene was sequenced. Subsequent efforts in the span of a few decades have brought advanced next-generation sequencing and new tools for genome editing, allowing scientists to write and rewrite the code of life. We are now realizing that genetics represents yet another system of information technology that follows Moore’s law, stating that computer processing power roughly doubles every two years. Importantly, with such rapid and sophisticated advancements, any tools or studies applicable to adult genetics can now also be applied to embryos.Genetic disorders affect 1% of live births and are responsible for 20% of pediatric hospitalizations and 20% of infant mortality. Many disorders are caused by recessive or X-linked genetic mutations carried by 85% of humans. Because assisted reproduction has armed us with technologies like in vitro fertilization that provide access to human embryos, we began to screen some genetic diseases simply by selecting sex. The first live births following preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) to identify sex in X-linked disease were reported by Alan Handyside in 1990. This groundbreaking work used the identification of male embryos and selective transfer of unaffected normal or carrier females as proof-of-concept to avoid genetic diseases, paving the way to extend the concept to PGT for monogenic diseases (PGT-M), including Mendelian single-gene defects (autosomal dominant/recessive, X-linked dominant/recessive), severe childhood lethality or early-onset disease, cancer predisposition, and HLA typing for histocompatible cord-blood stem cells’ transplantation. Later, we moved onto the identification and selection of euploid embryos by analysing all 23 pairs of chromosomes in 4–8 cells from the trophectoderm, called PGT for aneuploidy (PGT-A). PGT-A currently leverages next-generation sequencing technologies to uncover meiotic- and mitotic-origin aneuploidies affecting whole chromosomes, as well as duplications/deletions of small chromosome regions. A step forward was the use of structural chromosome rearrangements (PGT-SR) to identify Robertsonian and reciprocal translocations, inversions, and balanced vs. unbalanced rearrangements. Another advancement came with PGT for polygenic risk scoring (PGT-P). This technique takes us from learning how to read simple words to starting to understand poetry (i.e., evolving from PGT-M/A/SR to PGT-P for multifactorial, polygenic risk prediction). Moreover, we are moving from embryo selection to intervention because the genetic code is not only readable, but also re-writeable. Indeed, gene editing is now possible using tools like CRISPR/Cas9, which are applicable to all species, including human embryos.

Keywords

Research & information: general --- extracellular vesicles --- exosomes --- microvesicles --- apoptotic bodies --- DNA --- preimplantation embryos --- murine blastocysts --- embryo --- uterus --- window of implantation --- PGT-A --- PGT-SR --- mosaicism --- embryo genetics --- chromosomal abnormality --- preimplantation genetic testing --- PGT-P --- polygenic risk scoring --- genomic index --- relative risk reduction --- combined preimplantation genetic testing --- Preimplantation genetic testing for monogenic disorders (PGT-M) --- Preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy assessment (PGT-A) --- Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) --- male infertility --- advanced maternal age --- aneuploidy --- NGS --- segmental --- translocations --- monogenic disease --- multiplex PCR --- SNP array --- genome editing --- genetic diseases --- embryos --- vitrification --- ovarian response --- female age --- genetic testing --- reproductive health --- next-generation sequencing --- whole exome sequencing --- perinatal care --- infertility --- aneuploidies --- polygenic disease --- blastocyst --- endometrium --- implantation --- extracellular vesicles --- exosomes --- microvesicles --- apoptotic bodies --- DNA --- preimplantation embryos --- murine blastocysts --- embryo --- uterus --- window of implantation --- PGT-A --- PGT-SR --- mosaicism --- embryo genetics --- chromosomal abnormality --- preimplantation genetic testing --- PGT-P --- polygenic risk scoring --- genomic index --- relative risk reduction --- combined preimplantation genetic testing --- Preimplantation genetic testing for monogenic disorders (PGT-M) --- Preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy assessment (PGT-A) --- Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) --- male infertility --- advanced maternal age --- aneuploidy --- NGS --- segmental --- translocations --- monogenic disease --- multiplex PCR --- SNP array --- genome editing --- genetic diseases --- embryos --- vitrification --- ovarian response --- female age --- genetic testing --- reproductive health --- next-generation sequencing --- whole exome sequencing --- perinatal care --- infertility --- aneuploidies --- polygenic disease --- blastocyst --- endometrium --- implantation

Health risks of radon and other internally deposited alpha-emitters : BEIR IV
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ISBN: 0309037891 Year: 1988 Publisher: Washington National Academy Press

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Book
Living with risk : the British medical association guide
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ISBN: 047191598X 9780471915980 Year: 1987 Publisher: Chichester Wiley

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Keywords

Hygiene. Public health. Protection --- Choice Behavior --- Decision Making --- Probability --- Health risk assessment --- Medicine --- Risques pour la santé --- Médecine --- Decision making --- Evaluation --- Prise de décision --- Environmental Health. --- Health Behavior. --- Life Style. --- Risk. --- -Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Human biology --- Life sciences --- Medical sciences --- Pathology --- Physicians --- Assessment, Health risk --- Health hazard appraisal --- Health hazard assessment --- Health risk appraisal --- HRA (Public health) --- Human risk assessment --- Medicine, Preventive --- Public health --- Risk assessment --- Environmental health --- Relative Risk --- Relative Risks --- Risk, Relative --- Risks --- Risks, Relative --- Risk Reduction Behavior --- Harm Reduction --- Life Style Induced Illness --- Lifestyle --- Life Styles --- Lifestyles --- Quality of Life --- Social Environment --- Behavior, Health --- Behaviors, Health --- Health Behaviors --- Health Promotion --- Life Style --- Environmental Health Science --- Health, Environmental --- Environmental Health Sciences --- Environmental Healths --- Health Science, Environmental --- Health Sciences, Environmental --- Healths, Environmental --- Science, Environmental Health --- Sciences, Environmental Health --- Ecology --- Healthy Lifestyle --- -Decision making --- Risques pour la santé --- Médecine --- Prise de décision --- -Assessment, Health risk --- Clinical sciences --- Choice Behavior. --- Decision Making. --- Probability. --- Health-Related Behavior --- Behavior, Health-Related --- Behaviors, Health-Related --- Health Related Behavior --- Health-Related Behaviors --- Health Workforce --- Incidence --- Lifestyle Factors --- Factor, Lifestyle --- Lifestyle Factor --- Environmental Health --- Health Behavior --- Risk --- -Health Workforce

Risk assessment and decision making using test results : the carcinogenicity prediction and battery selection approach
Authors: --- ---
ISBN: 0306430673 1468455974 1468455958 Year: 1989 Publisher: New York (N.Y.): Plenum

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Keywords

Actuarial mathematics --- Carcinogenicity testing --- Health risk assessment --- Cancérogénicité --- Risques pour la santé --- Decision making --- Prise de décision --- Evaluation --- Carcinogens --- Decision Making. --- Mutagenicity Tests. --- Risk. --- -Health risk assessment --- -Assessment, Health risk --- Health hazard appraisal --- Health hazard assessment --- Health risk appraisal --- HRA (Public health) --- Human risk assessment --- Medicine, Preventive --- Public health --- Risk assessment --- Environmental health --- Carcinogenesis --- Carcinogenic activity testing --- Testing for carcinogenicity --- Chronic toxicity testing --- Oncology, Experimental --- Relative Risk --- Relative Risks --- Risk, Relative --- Risks --- Risks, Relative --- Risk Reduction Behavior --- Harm Reduction --- Tests, Genetic Toxicity --- Toxicity Tests, Genetic --- Genetic Toxicity Tests --- Genotoxicity Tests --- Mutagen Screening --- Genetic Toxicity Test --- Genotoxicity Test --- Mutagen Screenings --- Mutagenicity Test --- Screening, Mutagen --- Screenings, Mutagen --- Test, Genotoxicity --- Tests, Genotoxicity --- Toxicity Test, Genetic --- Carcinogenicity Tests --- Decision Making, Shared --- Decision Makings, Shared --- Making, Shared Decision --- Makings, Shared Decision --- Shared Decision Making --- Shared Decision Makings --- Problem Solving --- toxicity. --- Testing --- -toxicity. --- Cancérogénicité --- Risques pour la santé --- Prise de décision --- Decision Making --- Mutagenicity Tests --- Risk --- Assessment, Health risk --- toxicity --- Citizen Science --- Incidence --- Credit Assignment --- Assignment, Credit --- Assignments, Credit --- Credit Assignments

Research needs for radiation protection : recommendations of the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements
Author:
ISBN: 0929600320 Year: 1993 Publisher: Bethesda, Md. The Council

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Keywords

Activités de recherche --- Bestraling--Dosering --- Bestralingsletsels --- Bestralingsziekte --- Dosimetry --- Lésions par irradiation --- Maladie des rayons --- Onderzoek --- Programmes de recherche --- Projets de recherche --- Radiation disease --- Radiation dosimetry --- Radiation injuries --- Radiation monitoring --- Radiation sickness --- Radiation syndrome --- Radiation--Dosage--Measurement --- Radiations--Dosage --- Radioactieve bestraling [Letsels door ] --- Recherche --- Recherche fondamentale --- Recherche pure --- Recherche scientifique --- Recherche--Programmes --- Recherche--Projets --- Research --- Risico --- Risk --- Risque --- Science research --- Science--Research --- Sciences--Recherche --- Scientific research --- Wetenschappelijk onderzoek --- Risk. --- Radiation Protection. --- Research. --- Radiation Injuries. --- Radiation Dosage. --- Dosage, Radiation --- Gray Units --- Gy Radiation --- Sv Radiation Dose Equivalent --- Sievert Units --- Dosages, Radiation --- Radiation Dosages --- Units, Gray --- Units, Sievert --- Injuries, Radiation --- Radiation Sickness --- Radiation Syndrome --- Injury, Radiation --- Radiation Injury --- Radiation Sicknesses --- Radiation Syndromes --- Sickness, Radiation --- Sicknesses, Radiation --- Syndrome, Radiation --- Syndromes, Radiation --- Radioactive Hazard Release --- Laboratory Research --- Research Activities --- Research and Development --- Research Priorities --- Activities, Research --- Activity, Research --- Development and Research --- Priorities, Research --- Priority, Research --- Research Activity --- Research Priority --- Research, Laboratory --- Ethics, Research --- Protection, Radiation --- Protections, Radiation --- Radiation Protections --- Health Physics --- Nuclear Energy --- Radiation Injuries --- Relative Risk --- Relative Risks --- Risk, Relative --- Risks --- Risks, Relative --- Risk Reduction Behavior --- Harm Reduction --- Ionizing radiation --- Radiation Dosage --- Radiation Protection --- Radiation --- Nuclear counters --- Health aspects --- Safety measures --- Dosage --- Measurement --- Atomic Bomb Survivors --- Incidence

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