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Colloques --- Colloquia --- Dentisterie --- Tandheelkunde --- Forensic Dentistry. --- 616-091 --- Dental jurisprudence --- Academic collection --- Dentistry --- Dentistry, Forensic --- Forensic dentistry --- Forensic odontology --- Jurisprudence, Dental --- Medical jurisprudence --- Teeth --- Jurisprudence --- Pathological anatomy. Morbid anatomy --- Identification --- 616-091 Pathological anatomy. Morbid anatomy --- Forensic Dentistry

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Dentisterie --- Tandheelkunde --- Orthodontics --- 616-089.23 --- 616.314-089.23 --- 616.314 --- Academic collection --- trends. --- Orthopaedics. Orthodontics --- Teeth. Odontology. Dentistry--?-089.23 --- Teeth. Odontology. Dentistry --- 616.314 Teeth. Odontology. Dentistry --- 616.314-089.23 Teeth. Odontology. Dentistry--?-089.23 --- 616-089.23 Orthopaedics. Orthodontics --- trends

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The effect of headgear on upper third molars: a retrospective longitudinal study. Objectives: To investigate the effects of orthodontic non-extraction treatment with or without headgear on the position of and the space available for upper third molars in growing children with class II malocclusions. Materials and methods: The sample consisted of pre– and posttreatment panoramic radiographs and lateral cephalograms of 294 class II orthodontic patients. 160 were treated with headgear, 134 were treated without headgear. The space available for the upper third molar was measured on the lateral cephalogram as the distance from pterygoid vertical (PTV) to the distal surface of the upper first molar crown (PTV-M1). Angulation, vertical position and tooth development stage of the upper third molars were evaluated on panoramic radiographs. All measurements were evaluated statistically. Results: In both groups PTV-M1 increases, but the increase in PTV-M1 was significantly higher for patients treated without headgear. A linear model for repeated measures revealed that this difference is still significant after correction for age, gender and molar occlusion. Further, there is no evidence that the change in angulation, vertical position and development stage of the upper third molars during orthodontic treatment is influenced by headgear therapy. Conclusion: This study indicates that the use of headgear in growing patients significantly affects the space available for upper third molars. However, orthodontic treatment with headgear does not influence the angulation, vertical position and development stage of upper third molars. It is therefore important to always take into account third molars during treatment planning. The effect of first and second premolar extractions on third molars: a retrospective longitudinal study. Objectives: to analyze the effect of first and second premolar extractions on eruption space for upper and lower third molars and on third molar position and angulation during orthodontic treatment. Methods: the sample consisted of 296 patients of which 218 patients were orthodontically treated without extraction and 78 patients with extraction of first or second premolars. The eruption space for third molars was measured on pre– and posttreatment lateral cephalograms, whereas the angulation, vertical position, the relation with the mandibular canal and the mineralization status of third molars were evaluated using pre– and posttreatment panoramic radiographs. All data were statistically analyzed. Results: the increase in eruption space and the change in vertical position of upper and lower third molars significantly differed between patients treated with and without premolar extractions, whereas the change in angulation, relationship with the mandibular canal and mineralization status of the third molars did not significantly differ between patients treated with and without premolar extractions. Conclusions: The retromolar space and the position of third molars significantly change during orthodontic treatment in growing patients. Premolar extractions have a positive influence on the eruption space and vertical position of third molars, whereas they do not influence the angular changes of third molars. Clinical significance: This study stresses the importance of considering the possible effects of orthodontic treatment on third molars during treatment planning.

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ABSTRACT Introduction: Adequate comprehension of patients' facial preferences and orthodontic treatment needs is fundamental to the success of orthodontic treatment. The manifestation of proclined maxillary and mandibular incisors is a prevalent facial feature that may present as a singular or combined issue with other dental and skeletal problems. Hypothesis and aims: To gain knowledge of the inclination of incisors and their impact on orthodontic treatment decision-making. Materials and methods: Consequently, this review examined studies available in English, French, and Dutch in five electronic databases (i.e., Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and Central) that discussed the cephalometric analysis and facial features in patients with proclined maxillary and mandibular incisors. Results: Several factors are considered when selecting the appropriate orthodontic treatment, as discussed in this literature review. The results revealed the influence of these proclinations on the position of dentoalveolar structures, patient profile, and occlusion, as well as the concept of dentoalveolar compensation and the ideal treatment approach based on the class of malocclusion. Conclusions: The review concludes that a comprehensive plan, integrating both the orthodontic and surgical components, should be established to account for facial features and cephalometric measurements, as this approach has yet to be adequately formulated.

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1. The 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) is one of the most frequent microdeletion syndromes and presents with a highly variable phenotype. In most affected individuals, specific but often subtle facial features can be observed. Here we aim to thoroughly investigate the craniofacial and dental features of 20 children with a confirmed diagnosis of 22q11.2DS by analyzing 3D facial surface scans, 2D clinical photographs, panoramic and cephalometric radiographs and dental casts. 3D facial scans were compared to scans of a healthy control group and analyzed using a spatially-dense geometric morphometric approach. Cephalometric radiographs were digitally traced and measurements were compared to existing standards. Occlusal and dental features were studied on dental casts and panoramic radiographs. Interestingly, a general trend of facial hypoplasia in the lower part of the face could be evidenced with the 3D facial analysis in children with 22q11.2DS compared to the controls. Cephalometric analysis confirmed a dorsal position of the mandible to the maxilla in 2D and showed an enlarged cranial base angle. Measurements for molar occlusion, overjet and overbite did not differ significantly from standards. Four of the 20 patients presented with tooth agenesis. Despite individual variability, we observed a retruded lower part of the face, a tubular nose, a small mouth and an increased lower facial height as common features and we also found a significantly higher prevalence of tooth agenesis in our cohort of 20 children with 22q11.2DS. Furthermore, 3D facial surface scanning proved to be an important non-invasive, diagnostic tool to investigate external features and the underlying skeletal pattern. 2. Aim: To systematically review the existing literature about 3D imaging in patients with craniofacial syndromes, evaluate its quality and propose some recommendations for future research. Method: PubMed, Embase and Cochrane databases were electronically searched. Inclusion criteria were patients with craniofacial syndromes and 3D imaging of facial soft and/or hard tissues. Exclusion criteria contained of non-genetical conditions, injury or trauma, facial soft and hard tissues not included in the image analysis, case reports, reviews, opinion articles. No restrictions were made for patients’ ethnicity or age, publication language or publication date. Study quality was evaluated using the Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies (MINORS). Results: The search yielded 2124 citations of which 113 were assessed in detail and 57 were eventually included in this review. Studies showed a large heterogeneity in study design, sample size and patient age. An increase was observed in the amount of studies with time and the imaging method most often used was CT. The most studied craniofacial syndromes were Treacher Collins, Crouzon and Apert syndrome. The articles could be divided into three main groups: diagnostic studies, evaluation of surgical outcomes and evaluation of imaging techniques. MINORS scores ranged from 3 to 11 over 16 for non-comparative studies and from 10 to 18 over 24 for comparative studies. Conclusion: The general quality of the included articles was moderate to low and prospective, controlled trials with sufficiently large study groups are lacking. To improve the quality of future studies in this domain and given the low incidence of craniofacial syndromes, more prospective multi-center controlled trials should be set up.