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From 1957 onwards, the "Pugwash Conferences" brought together elite scientists from across ideological and political divides to work towards disarmament. Through a series of national case studies - Austria, China, Czechoslovakia, East and West Germany, the US and USSR – this volume offers a critical reassessment of the development and work of “Pugwash” nationally, internationally, and as a transnational forum for Track II diplomacy. This major new collection reveals the difficulties that Pugwash scientists encountered as they sought to reach across the blocs, create a channel for East-West dialogue and realize the project’s founding aim of influencing state actors. Uniquely, the book affords a sense of the contingent and contested process by which the network-like organization took shape around the conferences. Contributors are Gordon Barrett, Matthew Evangelista, Silke Fengler, Alison Kraft, Fabian Lüscher, Doubravka Olšáková, Geoffrey Roberts, Paul Rubinson, and Carola Sachse.

Nuclear disarmament. --- Cold War --- World politics --- Atomic bomb and disarmament --- Atomic weapons and disarmament --- Disarmament, Nuclear --- Nuclear weapons disarmament --- Disarmament --- Antinuclear movement --- Nuclear weapons --- History. --- Pugwash Conferences on Science & World Affairs. --- Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs --- Conférences Pugwash sur la science et les problèmes internationaux --- Pugwash Conference on Science and World Affairs (Organization)

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During the first part of the twentieth century, German science led the world. The most important scientific institution in Germany was the Kaiser Wilhelm Society, including institutes devoted to different fields of scientific research. These researchers were not burdened by teaching obligations and enjoyed excellent financial and material support. When the National Socialists came to power in Germany, all of German society, including science, was affected. The picture that previously dominated our understanding of science under National Socialism from the end of the Second World War to the recent past - a picture of leading Nazis ignorant and unappreciative of modern science and of scientists struggling to resist the Nazis - needs to be revised. This book surveys the history of Kaiser Wilhelm Institutes under Hitler, illustrating definitively the cooperation, if not collaboration, between scientists and National Socialists in order to further the goals of autarky, racial hygiene, war, and genocide.

Science and state --- National socialism and science --- Science and national socialism --- Science --- Science policy --- State and science --- State, The --- History. --- Government policy --- Kaiser Wilhelm-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften. --- Kaizā Uiruherumu Gakujutsu Shinkō Kyōkai --- Kaiser-Wilhelm-Gesellschaft --- Kaizā Viruherumu Kagaku Shinkō Kyōkai --- Kaiser-Wilhelm Institute --- Kaiser Wilhelm Society --- KWG --- K.W.G. --- KWS --- K.W.S. --- Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften --- Arts and Humanities --- History --- Kaiser Wilhelm-Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Wissenschaften.