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Banks and banking, Central --- -Banks and banking, Central --- -Law and legislation --- -Law and legislation -

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This paper tries to uncover some of the hidden factors behind poor public service delivery in the Dominican Republic. By looking at three sector cases, education, health and electricity, it is possible to observe that in this setting of low quality of public services the "middle class" is opting out from the system and adopting private solutions to collective problems. The combination of this opting out behavior with low levels of institutional trust, especially among "middle class" members, fragmented interests and clientelism, among other factors, results in weak collective action and lack of effective demand for improvements in service provision. Some of the tentative policy options to break this sub-optimal equilibrium are i) to build capacity in civil society organizations and help them forming a pro-reform coalition, ii) reduce the gap between the middle class and the poorer by trying to improve the provision of public goods and enlarging the welfare state, and (iii) increase transparency mechanisms and introduce e-government formulas in order to optimize the allocation of public resources.

Civil society organizations --- Health Monitoring & Evaluation --- Middle class --- Political Economy --- Population Policies --- Pro-reform coalition --- Public goods --- Public Sector Development --- Public Sector Economics --- Public Sector Expenditure Policy --- Public service delivery

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Traditionally, Lorentzian geometry has been used as a necessary tool to understand general relativity, as well as to explore new genuine geometric behaviors, far from classical Riemannian techniques. Recent progress has attracted a renewed interest in this theory for many researchers: long-standing global open problems have been solved, outstanding Lorentzian spaces and groups have been classified, new applications to mathematical relativity and high energy physics have been found, and further connections with other geometries have been developed.   Samples of these fresh trends are presented in this volume, based on contributions from the VI International Meeting on Lorentzian Geometry, held at the University of Granada, Spain, in September, 2011. Topics such as geodesics, maximal, trapped and constant mean curvature submanifolds, classifications of manifolds with relevant symmetries, relations between Lorentzian and Finslerian geometries, and applications to mathematical physics are included.     This book will be suitable for a broad audience of differential geometers, mathematical physicists and relativists, and researchers in the field.

Discrete groups. --- General relativity (Physics) -- Congresses. --- Geometry, Differential -- Congresses. --- Geometry, Differential --- General relativity (Physics) --- Mathematics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Geometry --- Geometry, Differential. --- Relativistic theory of gravitation --- Relativity theory, General --- Differential geometry --- Mathematics. --- Convex geometry. --- Discrete geometry. --- Differential geometry. --- Hyperbolic geometry. --- Convex and Discrete Geometry. --- Hyperbolic Geometry. --- Differential Geometry. --- Gravitation --- Physics --- Relativity (Physics) --- Global differential geometry. --- Groups, Discrete --- Infinite groups --- Discrete mathematics --- Convex geometry . --- Hyperbolic geometry --- Lobachevski geometry --- Lobatschevski geometry --- Geometry, Non-Euclidean --- Combinatorial geometry

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This book describes recent advances in the morphodynamics of mixed sand and gravel Mediterranean coasts, and provides updates and new methods for their study and management. It assesses how the differences in the geomorphic setting, in comparison with traditional sandy beaches, result in distinctive physical processes governing the dynamics of these coasts. Further, on the basis of field measurements, theoretical analysis and numerical modeling carried out at two study sites in southern Spain over the last 15 years, the book studies, analyzes and compares these physical processes and mechanisms. It also shows that the narrow and complex bathymetries and inner shelves modify the wave propagation patterns and hence, the longshore sediment transport gradients along the coast. Given the correlation between the changes in these gradients and the shoreline evolution over time, it identifies the complexity of the inner shelf bathymetries as the main driver of coastal changes and describes these processes in detail using, in the plan view, the inter-annual evolution of unaltered and “altered by human” beaches. Lastly, the book details how the generation and subsequent overlapping of berms across the beach profile are responsible for the sediment variability at depth and cross-shore, and concludes that the total run-up (including the water-level) is a more influential variable than wave height in the erosional/depositional response of these beaches.

Earth sciences. --- Oceanography. --- Coasts. --- Geomorphology. --- Civil engineering. --- Earth Sciences. --- Coastal Sciences. --- Civil Engineering. --- Geomorphic geology --- Physiography --- Coastal landforms --- Coastal zones --- Coastlines --- Oceanography, Physical --- Oceanology --- Physical oceanography --- Thalassography --- Geosciences --- Engineering --- Public works --- Earth sciences --- Marine sciences --- Ocean --- Physical geography --- Geomorphology --- Landforms --- Geography --- Seashore

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This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Technology Trends, CITT 2018, held in Babahoyo, Ecuador, in August 2018. The 53 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 204 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on communications; security and privacy; computer and software engineering; computational intelligence; e-government and e-participation.

Software engineering. --- Information systems. --- Software Engineering/Programming and Operating Systems. --- Computer Engineering. --- Information Systems and Communication Service. --- Computer software engineering --- Engineering --- Technological innovations. --- Breakthroughs, Technological --- Innovations, Industrial --- Innovations, Technological --- Technical innovations --- Technological breakthroughs --- Technological change --- Creative ability in technology --- Inventions --- Domestication of technology --- Innovation relay centers --- Research, Industrial --- Technology transfer --- Computer engineering. --- Computers. --- Automatic computers --- Automatic data processors --- Computer hardware --- Computing machines (Computers) --- Electronic brains --- Electronic calculating-machines --- Electronic computers --- Hardware, Computer --- Computer systems --- Cybernetics --- Machine theory --- Calculators --- Cyberspace --- Computers --- Design and construction