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This book takes an exciting perspective on language change, by explaining it in terms of Darwin's evolutionary theory. Looking at a number of developments in the history of sounds and words, Nikolaus Ritt shows how the constituents of language can be regarded as mental patterns, or 'memes', which copy themselves from one brain to another when communication and language acquisition take place. Memes are both stable in that they transmit faithfully from brain to brain, and active in that their success at replicating depends upon their own properties. Ritt uses this controversial approach to challenge established models of linguistic competence, in which speakers acquire, use, and shape language. In Darwinian terms, language evolution is something that happens to, rather than through, speakers, and the interests of linguistic constituents matter more than those of their human 'hosts'. This book will stimulate debate among evolutionary biologists, cognitive scientists and linguists alike.
Animal evolution --- Animals--Evolution --- Animaux--Evolution --- Biological evolution --- Biologische evolutie --- Changement (Linguistique) --- Changement linguistique --- Darwinism --- Darwinisme --- Dieren--Evolutie --- Evolutie (Biologie) --- Evolution (Biologie) --- Evolution (Biology) --- Evolution biologique --- Langage--Changement --- Langage--Evolution --- Langues--Changement --- Langues--Evolution --- Linguistic change --- Origin of species --- Taal--Evolutie --- Taal--Verandering --- Taalevolutie --- Taalverandering --- Talen--Evolutie --- Talen--Verandering --- Évolution linguistique --- Evolution. Phylogeny --- Phonetics --- Historical linguistics --- English language --- Change, Linguistic --- Language change --- Language and languages --- Animals --- Evolutionary biology --- Evolutionary science --- Biology --- Evolution --- Biological fitness --- Homoplasy --- Natural selection --- Phylogeny --- Phonology, Historical --- Phonetics, Diachronic --- Phonology, Diachronic --- Evolution (Biology). --- Linguistic change. --- Phonology, Historical. --- Phonology [Historical ] --- Arts and Humanities --- Language & Linguistics --- Germanic languages
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This is a unified account of all quantity changes affecting English stressed vowels during the early Middle English period. Dr Ritt discusses homorganic lengthening, open syllable lengthening, trisyllabic shortening, and shortening before consonant clusters. The study is based on a statistical analysis of Modern English reflexes of the changes. The complete corpus of analysed data is made available to the reader in the appendices. All of the changes discussed are shown to derive from basically the same set of quasi-universal tendencies, while apparent idiosyncrasies are shown to follow from factors that are independent of the underlying tendencies themselves. The role of tendencies, i.e. probabilistic laws in the description of language change, is given thorough theoretical treatment. In his aim to account for the changes as well as trace their chronology, Dr Ritt applies principles of natural phonology, and examines the conflict between phonological and morphological 'necessities'.
English language --- Germanic languages --- Vowels. --- Quantity. --- Arts and Humanities --- Language & Linguistics --- Pronunciation --- History.
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The volume features new work in English historical linguistics. It focuses on Medieval Englishes, but also discusses how processes originating there continued to unfold in later stages of linguistic evolution. In language internal terms, it deals with phonological, morphological, lexical and syntactic constituents. At the same time, cognitive, pragmatic and social factors are taken into account. All contributions go back to papers delivered at the 13th International Conference of English Historical Linguistics, held at Vienna in 2004. They address central questions from new perspectives, report empirical findings, point out new directions for research, make new methods relevant for the historical study of English, manage to revise established views, and provide a good survey of issues currently discussed in the community of historical English linguists.
Anglais --- Anglais (langue) --- Histoire --- 450-1100 (vieil anglais) --- 1100-1500 (moyen anglais) --- 1500-1700 (moderne)
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No detailed description available for "Words: Structure, Meaning, Function".
Lexicology. --- Grammar, Comparative and general. --- Historical linguistics. --- Semantics. --- Lexicology --- Grammar, Comparative and general --- Historical linguistics --- Semantics --- Lexicologie --- Grammaire comparée et générale --- Linguistique historique --- Sémantique --- Formal semantics --- Semasiology --- Semiology (Semantics) --- Comparative linguistics --- Information theory --- Language and languages --- Meaning (Psychology) --- English language --- Diachronic linguistics --- Dynamic linguistics --- Evolutionary linguistics --- Language and history --- Linguistics --- Comparative grammar --- Grammar --- Grammar, Philosophical --- Grammar, Universal --- Philosophical grammar --- Philology --- History --- Grammar, Comparative
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Didactics of languages --- Historical linguistics --- Linguistics
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Lexicology. --- Grammar, Comparative and general. --- Historical linguistics. --- Semantics. --- Formal semantics --- Semasiology --- Semiology (Semantics) --- Comparative linguistics --- Information theory --- Language and languages --- Lexicology --- Meaning (Psychology) --- Diachronic linguistics --- Dynamic linguistics --- Evolutionary linguistics --- Language and history --- Linguistics --- Comparative grammar --- Grammar --- Grammar, Philosophical --- Grammar, Universal --- Philosophical grammar --- Philology --- English language --- History --- Grammar, Comparative
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