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Suburbia is a relevant topic in many cities, that have experienced rapid growth, including Tokyo. After WWII, Tokyo expanded in the shape of suburbs, many of which, today are becoming socially and physically obsolete. This paper analyses how physical environment of residential suburbs has affected the social life of the dwellers. In the case of Tokyo suburbia, spatial issues is the outcome of decisions taken after WWII, that account for Japan’s economical success. Aiming singularly towards economic growth, at the same time ignoring the needs for basic living conditions, was an important aspect of Japanese post-war history and has had strong effects on urban planning in today’s Japan. The research discovers and analyses main physical characteristics of suburbia: urban sprawl (organized and unplanned), lack of infrastructure (unfinished roads, lack of public amenities, sidewalks, increasing traffic congestions, destruction of natural surroundings) and mixed land uses (rural lands with residential areas, residential areas with industrial, conversion of one’s properties into undesirable functions and land subdivisions). The effects of these suburban planning qualities are even more enhanced by current ageing - low-birth rate issue and occurrence of vacant homes. The analysis shows that the combination of these issues has been leading to social isolation and community deterioration in old residential suburbs. By understanding the background of developments and the reasons that led to these issues, paper looks forward and proposes improvement strategies based on current and future conditions. Kashiwa Village in Kashiwa City, Chiba prefecture in the northern part of Tokyo metropolitan area serves as a case study for more detailed theoretical investigation and depicts the possible design solutions for that area. Unlike most post-war Tokyo suburbs, Kashiwa Village is a planned large scale development, therefore it provides a better understanding about similar developments of that time. Despite it’s organized planning and specific physical characteristics, Kashiwa Village does contain the same issues as other, less planned old residential Tokyo suburbs: ageing population, occurrence of vacant homes, lack of proper public infrastructure and loss of community vitality. Thesis ends with conclusions of how Tokyo suburbs can try to remain socially and physically sustainable on their own. It was observed that because of decline some physical planning issues cannot be completely resolved. Nevertheless, declining population can be seen as an opportunity when creating socially and economically sustainable future suburbs. In order to achieve that, new planning measures should response to local assets and needs of each suburban area. Furthermore, a mix of functions or smaller scale improvement projects should be introduced, as they are faster to implement and more effective when responding to the vitality problems and the size of suburban neighborhoods. The strategy of using the existing resources could be encouraged in other suburban areas that are coping with mentioned issues and completely different results would be achieved. That would allow each declining, but potential suburb to develop their own attractiveness and remain viable.
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Our built and unbuilt environment is confronted with the homogenizing effects of globalization, necessitating a transformative response. This reflection paper explores the pressing need for a care-taking approach to space, considering the paradoxical coexistence of vacant spaces and grand real estate projects, as well as the diminishing presence of nature in urban areas. By challenging the predetermined and embracing uncertainties, can we uncover latent potentials and envision alternative futures? This requires active participation, the appreciation of unintentional qualities, and a rejection of finality (embracing of unfinishedness). Showcasing these qualities, we can reshape our environments as political instruments that reflect and challenge social hierarchies. This reflection aims to question how we can leave a positive imprint on the world.
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The project concentrated on post-industrial areas along the canal of Brussels. The aim is to rethink those sites by providing strong infrastructural network all along the water. After series of analyses, the site of Biestebroeck was chosen to be a starting point for Canal revitalization. The area is situated in the great proximity to the city centre and to Midi station. Biestebroeck itself is an industrial area that does not fully function anymore. It became huge waiting space and remains in the state as we see for almost a decade. The aim of the project is to keep the identity of the area, but fulfil it with facilities that answer the needs of society today. By implementing wooden movable structures we creating unusual space combinations for super-diverse population of Biestebroeck.
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This research is focus in the Streetscape Territory of Red Hook. A neighborhood located on a peninsula in the southwestern Brooklyn, New York. This thesis deal with three main key issues observed during the first visit on the site. The first impression was the great amount of vacant properties around Red Hook, second was how the spaces were configured and how limit the accessibility was to those spaces in different scales and the different identities that shape the neighborhood. The research was developed with the first impressions and what we could see on our visits, understanding and living Red Hook. It starts by researching the existing conditions of the neighborhood and the historical background of how the change in the economic activities modified and influence the development of Red Hook from one of the busiest port to a deteriorated neighborhood. During the 60s when many manufacturing companies and residents left the situation was critical no jobs with an increasing levels of criminality. Many vacant properties are a result of an interrupted growth and a decline economy. The research explores the positive and negatives consequences of having vacant lots in different levels from a neighborhood to the whole city, New York. And most important what vacancy represent in Red Hook and how is different from others neighborhoods. The analysis made was distinguished different categories according to their current uses. The following part is the limited accessibility that shape and modifies how inhabitants navigate the neighborhood. There are many factors that can contribute to this limitation as spatial delimitations, spatial mechanisms, payment requirement, gender, age, ethnicity, etc. In Red Hook many spaces are fenced or are accessible until certain point. The other topic explores the different identities and groups than influence how Red Hook is. There are residents how have lived many years or new residents moving in, the same with businesses that now are modifying the future development of the neighborhood. The result of the research end up showing the importance of manufacturing in a city, especially in Red Hook that half of the neighborhood has industrial and manufacturing zoning. The reinforcement of these activities will put Red Hook in a greater level that will generate a new kind of economic growth. The architectural intervention answers the problematic of how to deal with vacant properties and the accessibility to those spaces that allow different users in different levels making a livable neighborhood reconfiguring a block through systematic repetitions of platforms that connect the surroundings with the project and the inner spaces of manufacturing blocks.
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Gender was originally used in the 1890’s; it of course differs from feminism, though feminism needs to engage with gender to create its discourse. Gender as a construct, portrays a range of elements that belong and/or differentiate either from masculinity, femininity, or to a neutral individual, nor male or female. It comprises sex, (from a biological point of view) and gender identity where men and women have had to assume a ‘specific role’ imposed by society. Domestic space has been operating by assuming a gendered position, reinforced by ideological and social constructs of patriarchy, a relationship that has reflected a male driven organization of domestic spaces. For study purposes the research will reflect on femininity and domesticity and try to provide an overview of feminist perspectives of housing. This research then will have two currents: a theoretical overview of feminism and architecture and the translation of this theoretical background into an architectural proposal. The first chapter firstly defines the concept of feminism and secondly situates a historical feminist perspective in the field of architecture and design, questioning the role of architecture in preserving gender-based relationships, and the construction of femininity and masculinity in domestic space. The second chapter situates a feminist perspective in a precise area - to address a specific type of feminism, which would always be contingent to social relationships in a particular geographic zone. This chapter offers an overview of the current state of feminism in Brussels and how feminism has or has not been intertwined with architectural practices. It also looks into the socio-spatial fragmentation of Brussels, how it has impacted a very vulnerable part of society, and how this society has been hosted in the city. Chapter 3 introduces the object of study: ‘Brussels’s social housing’ from the 1960’s to the 1970’s’ parallel to its feminist critique. It will as well map the most critical living conditions found in social housing, providing an overview of its geographical location and its spatial organization. The following sections introduces the architectural project that addresses a social housing building from the 60’s-70’s from a feminist perspective. Within this approach to social housing, feminism will act as a tool to critique poor and vulnerable living conditions that affects mostly children and women, not only because of the quality of the spaces, the sizes of units, the inflexibility of the floor plans but also because the lack of spaces that create social bonds, mutual understandings, inclusiveness and solidarity.
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Cincinnati is a city that developed in the 19th century, and that saw further growth followed by disinvestment in the 20th century. In the 21st century, Cincinnati seeks to re-establish itself as a model of a thriving urban city. The city saw its fastest growth during the Industrial Revolution, when business and manufacturing increased in size and in scale, taking advantage of come with size. At the same time, the USA nation began to expand. Over the past century, urbanization have catapult, translating that concept to everything, including entire communities – roads, schools, buildings, and houses. Over the past half-century in particular, the development patterns, even in cities, have largely been driven by suburban models and guided by regulations that encourage a suburban form. This includes separation of uses, lower residential densities, and a reliance on the automobile to get from place to place. The Over The Rhine community is located in the heart of the City of Cincinnati, north of the Central Business District and is surrounded by the West End, Mt. Auburn and Clifton Heights neighborhoods. It is symbolic of many inner cities’ challenges - ravaged by economic dis- investment, crime and poverty. The disinvestment in OTR is characterized by a significant population loss from the neighborhood’s peak population year (1900). This drop in population is partially the result of the movement of population away from the inner city due to modern transportation, social and economic patterns. Within the last few decades, the decrease can be attributed to the disinvestment in the neighborhood. Another significant change was race. During the 1960s and 1970s, although OTR’s population declined, the African American population began to increase. This increase is perceived by many as a result of African Americans being displaced from the West End and Queensgate communities due to the construction of I-75, which began in the late 1950s. The problematic of Liberty Street as a 7 lanes connector cutting the O.T.R was the start point of the urban strategy and the Architectural intervention. The depth configuration of the existing urban fabric makes Liberty Street a place where people do not want stay, the lack of vibrant places and common spaces can define the failure of such important place for Cincinnatians. In 2015, Cincinnati Local Authority launches a planning application to review the necessity of a 7-lane road with the new Interchange Highway on the North of Cincinnati to be completed in 2016. For that reason the existing and the proposal infrastructure of Liberty street could contribute for a design that could add quality and increase the level of collectivity and productivity in the area. The lack of livability across the street and the neglect of the owners and local residents to the area was an important characteristic for this design approach. For the Urban Strategy, Liberty Street will become a 4 lanes vehicular way with the addition of cycle lane that will be linked with the existing North and South cycle way path designated route. For the Architectural intervention, the proposal will be focus in the West part of Liberty Street and Central Parkway, The interventions will consist in a refurbishment of existing 4 buildings (that are currently vacant or not in the fully capacity of use) and a design for a new building, as part of the new key area and Landmark environment that could be achieved in the area in the next few years.
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Dos Pinos is an old milk factory that has been abandoned and unused since the year 2000. It is one of the remaining post-industrial sites of San José, this illustrate the changing relation between the industry and the city. Factories used to be located in the inner city in Latin American countries and productivity was a part of the daily life. We can observe a shift in this pattern as centers of production start to disappear or to transfer outside of the city borders. In most cases, the abandoned sites are demolished and replaced by new projects, which don’t connect with the history and the qualities of the site and its surroundings in any way. In this master dissertation, I will use Dos Pinos as a representative case for all these post-industrial sites and will provide design strategies to reactivate them, to connect them again with the city fabric and to maintain productivity in the inner city.
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The main approach of this proposal is increasing the sense of home for immigrants by offering partial self-build house in Brussels. Brussels Community Land Trust as a non profit organization is active in providing affordable housing for people in Brussels. Since, around 85% of its member are non-Belgian, so it is good opportunity for practicing the idea of self-construction. It is tried to simplify the self-build process, therefore, exact program and construction details is defined by author.
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The research is based on conventional machiya in Tokyo, which is a Japanese vernacular type of townhouses for merchants with work and living coexistence. The focus for this thesis is put on construction methods and the tools which generate them. It is believed, that when craftsmen product were replaced by manufactured objects during the industrial revolution, within the transformations there was a lost of a very specific and important language of objects. Before the industrial revolution, creation happened through a strong connection between the tool and the human body. Architects replaced the craftsmen in terms of planning and the industrial revolution separated the process of creation and planning. In case of the contemporary conventional townhouses, it is the mass production of houses which defines the dwellings for middle class people and furthermore it is the major element in the streetscape of Tokyo. Tokyo machiya are the objects of research as a specific example in a fast growing environment. Due to the fact that Tokyo has been many times completely destroyed by natural disasters, the city had to be rebuilt fast and it left not many traces of traditional machiya in the city. Thus the pressure for efficient constructions of townhouses challenged already the former craftsmen and influenced the townhouses. Nevertheless, the carpenters’ work, their finish, the grain of woods and their standard joinery were exposed and given value. The carpenter felt responsible for the built object. In this way, Tokyo machiya represent an example, where the same task challenges humans over 400 years with changes in behaviours, techniques, tools and other outer influences. Economical efficiency is one of the main driving force for the design of houses, particularly with conventional houses. Moreover in the market of Tokyo, where high prizes on land is pushing its most. My research follows the moving significance of the term efficiency. If the materials, tools and human were in a harmonic relation, efficiency was related to saving forces and to accomplish a task faster.
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This master dissertation focuses on the conception and development of a new way of making a Brutal Building. A building that aims to represent the Renaissance of Brutalism. The Transformation Project is the opportunity to take an under-appreciated and threatened building as the Madou Center and reconnect it with the users, the context and the brutal language itself in an open and engaging way. Originally constructed in 1976, today the Madou Center is poorly integrated into the city-life, with most inhabitants unaware of the brut architectural value of the modern giant. Therefore, the proposal for the building transformation aims to introduce a new way to brutalist architecture and to evoke and conceive strength from the building. The design is respectful of its existing qualities while taking a sharp approach to its drawbacks, with increasing the building’s value and comfort being a key objective. Through the design strategies proposed: the addition of the inner court, extension of the building by a crown, and creation of extra interior and exterior functional spaces, exposed materials and structure, and building’s comfort, among others. The subtraction of the middle zone and addition of an inner court aims to provide the Building with daylight filled spaces, and to reduce energy consumption. This inner court represents a common space and gathering point that integrates the building with its immediate context, and that works as a public interested gallery with commercial activities around. It also allows visual and spatial connections along the building and encourage interactions. The defined architecture of the external facades finds its equivalence in the inside facade conception. The new inner facade composition consists of a rhythm of frames made of modeled sanded concrete elements, that will cover the building structure all around the court. Furthermore, the Project proposes the creation of a collective terrace and extra functional spaces for co-working, meetings and team lounge in the roof top. A high space that everybody can use at any moment in the day, in contrast to the 2.60 m high interior offices spaces in the 6 levels below. Likewise, the Design creates profitable areas in the basement such as art galleries and auditorium by transforming the 2 former unnecessary levels for parking. Finally, the projects aims to expose the natural materiality of concrete on facades and in the structure, integrating the technical systems with the structural and skin system, in order to meet the fire safety regulations, and provide the building with comfort regarding insulation, heating and ventilation solutions.
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