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Dissertation
Xylella Fastidiosa : application of diagnosis methods and development of biological and cultural treatments
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Year: 2017

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Abstract

Xylella fastidiosa Wells 1987 is a bacterium that attacks the xylem of plants, transmitted by xylem-feeding insects. In Italy, a major outbreak occured in the Salento province (Apulia), causing death of millions of olive trees. Lactoperoxidase is a bovine milk enzyme with the ability to yield ions with antimicrobial activity. The first part of this project, in Belgium, focused on assessing the in vitro efficacy of diverse solutions of lactoperoxidase activated water on three subspecies of X. fasidiosa, namely fastidiosa, multiplex and pauca Salento-1. Several promising essential oils also were tested. The three subspecies were inhibited in presence of the active milk's ions, as well as with three of the tested essential oils. The second part of this work took place in Apulia, the infected area in Italia. Application methods have been developed to inject these substances in xylem vessels, phytotoxicity of these compounds on olive trees has been assessed in different ways, and molecular diagnosis methods for evaluation of the experimental fields infection stage have been conducted. Results show a severe phytotoxicity but also difficulties to inject these substances directly in the xylem vessels.

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Dissertation
Xylella Fastidiosa : Application of diagnosis methods and development of biological and cultural treatments
Authors: --- --- --- --- --- et al.
Year: 2017 Publisher: Liège Université de Liège (ULiège)

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Abstract

Xylella fastidiosa Wells 1987 is a bacterium that attacks the xylem of plants, transmitted by xylem-feeding insects. In Italy, a major outbreak occured in the Salento province (Apulia), causing death of millions of olive trees. Lactoperoxidase is a bovine milk enzyme with the ability to yield ions with antimicrobial activity. The first part of this project, in Belgium, focused on assessing the in vitro efficacy of diverse solutions of lactoperoxidase activated water on three subspecies of X. fasidiosa, namely fastidiosa, multiplex and pauca Salento-1. Several promising essential oils also were tested. The three subspecies were inhibited in presence of the active milk's ions, as well as with three of the tested essential oils. The second part of this work took place in Apulia, the infected area in Italia. Application methods have been developed to inject these substances in xylem vessels, phytotoxicity of these compounds on olive trees has been assessed in different ways, and molecular diagnosis methods for evaluation of the experimental fields infection stage have been conducted. Results show a severe phytotoxicity but also difficulties to inject these substances directly in the xylem vessels. Xylella fastidiosa Wells 1987 est une bactérie qui s'attaque au xylème des plantes, transmise par des insectes se nourrissant de sève xylèmienne. En Italie, une grosse épidémie a éclaté dans la province du Salento (Pouilles), provoquant la mort de millions d'oliviers. La lactoperoxydase est une enzyme du lait de vache qui a la capacité de produire des ions à propriétés antimicrobiennes. La première partie de ce projet, en Belgique, s'est concentré sur la mise en évidence in vitro de l'efficacité de diverses solutions d'eau activée par la lactoperoxydase à inhiber la croissance de trois sous-espèces de X. fastidiosa, nommées fastidiosa, multiplex et pauca Salento-1. Plusieurs huiles essentielles prometteuses ont aussi été testées. Les trois sous-espèces ont été inhibées en présence des ions activés par la lactoperoxydase, ainsi qu'avec trois des huiles essentielles testées. La seconde partie de ce travail a pris place en Pouilles, dans la zone infectée. Des méthodes d'application ont été développées pour injecter ces substances dans les vaisseaux xylèmiens, la phytotoxicité de ces composés sur les oliviers a été testée de plusieurs manières, et des méthodes moléculaires de diagnostic ont été utilisées pour évaluer le stade d'infection des champs expérimentaux. Les résultats montrent non seulement une phytotoxicité sévère, mais également une difficulté à injecter ces substances directement dans les vaisseaux xylèmiens.

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