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Within limits, the law allows for exceptions. But how do we draw the line between a rule and its exceptions? This is a long-debated question with important practical consequences, but legal theorists have found it surprisingly difficult to answer. This book tackles this persistent puzzle by offering a new account of exceptions in the law.

Exceptions (Law) --- Defense (Criminal procedure) --- Burden of proof. --- Burden of proof --- Onus probandi --- Proof, Burden of --- Evidence (Law) --- Trial practice --- Presumption of innocence --- Criminal defenses --- Defense (Law) --- Defenses, Criminal --- Actions and defenses --- Criminal procedure --- Due process of law --- Public defenders --- Bills of exceptions --- Appellate procedure --- Civil procedure --- Law and legislation

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Temporomandibular Joint Diseases are common and dificult to treat. From diagnosis to treatment, our options are in a broad range. Keeping updated with new technologies is extremely important for researchers and health professionals.

migraine --- TMD --- Korean National Health Insurance Service --- cohort --- aura --- temporomandibular disorders --- inclination of articular eminence --- temporomandibular joint --- glenoid fossa --- surgery --- synovial tissue --- synovitis --- interleukin --- lumican --- matrix metalloproteinases --- tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases --- cytokine --- biomarker --- temporomandibular disorder --- rheumatic disease --- juvenile idiopathic arthritis --- rheumatoid arthritis --- inflammatory arthritis --- facial pain --- craniomandibular disorders --- validity and reliability --- questionnaires and survey validity study --- bone scintigraphy --- computed tomography --- condylar hyperplasia --- SPECT --- 99mTc-MDP --- cone-beam computed tomography --- malocclusions --- articular eminence inclination --- electromyography --- temporalis anterior --- masseter muscle --- myofascial pain --- myofascial trigger points --- trapezius --- protein expression --- temporomandibular joint dysfunction --- occlusal appliance --- temporomandibular joint disorders --- muscle pain --- removable appliance --- sleep bruxism --- digital dentistry --- diagnostic bruxism splint --- calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate deposition disease --- pseudogout --- X-ray diffraction --- inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy

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Temporomandibular Joint Diseases are common and dificult to treat. From diagnosis to treatment, our options are in a broad range. Keeping updated with new technologies is extremely important for researchers and health professionals.

Humanities --- Social interaction --- migraine --- TMD --- Korean National Health Insurance Service --- cohort --- aura --- temporomandibular disorders --- inclination of articular eminence --- temporomandibular joint --- glenoid fossa --- surgery --- synovial tissue --- synovitis --- interleukin --- lumican --- matrix metalloproteinases --- tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases --- cytokine --- biomarker --- temporomandibular disorder --- rheumatic disease --- juvenile idiopathic arthritis --- rheumatoid arthritis --- inflammatory arthritis --- facial pain --- craniomandibular disorders --- validity and reliability --- questionnaires and survey validity study --- bone scintigraphy --- computed tomography --- condylar hyperplasia --- SPECT --- 99mTc-MDP --- cone-beam computed tomography --- malocclusions --- articular eminence inclination --- electromyography --- temporalis anterior --- masseter muscle --- myofascial pain --- myofascial trigger points --- trapezius --- protein expression --- temporomandibular joint dysfunction --- occlusal appliance --- temporomandibular joint disorders --- muscle pain --- removable appliance --- sleep bruxism --- digital dentistry --- diagnostic bruxism splint --- calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate deposition disease --- pseudogout --- X-ray diffraction --- inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy

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This book provides a cutting-edge review of polyglutamine disorders. It primarily focuses on two main aspects: (1) the mechanisms underlying the pathologies’ development and progression, and (2) the therapeutic strategies that are currently being explored to stop or delay disease progression.  Polyglutamine (polyQ) disorders are a group of inherited neurodegenerative diseases with a fatal outcome that are caused by an abnormal expansion of a coding trinucleotide repeat (CAG), which is then translated in an abnormal protein with an elongated glutamine tract (Q). To date, nine polyQ disorders have been identified and described: dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA); Huntington’s disease (HD); spinal–bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA); and six spinocerebellar ataxias (SCA 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, and 17). The genetic basis of polyQ disorders is well established and described, and despite important advances that have opened up the possibility of generating genetic models of the disease, the mechanisms that cause neuronal degeneration are still largely unknown and there is currently no treatment available for these disorders. Further, it is believed that the different polyQ may share some mechanisms and pathways contributing to neurodegeneration and disease progression.

Genetics --- Human genetics --- Neuropathology --- genen --- neurologie --- medische genetica --- hersenen