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Iternational finance --- International finance

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Economic policy and planning (general) --- International finance --- Developing countries: economic development problems --- Developing countries

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Climate Change: Stimulating a Green Recovery” looks at the global problem of climate change. With the world apparently on an economic recovery path, policymakers are looking at ways to limit the impact of climate change through broad international action. One of the challenges is to balance actions to mitigate climate change with measures to stimulate growth and prosperity. This issue of F&D also examines a variety of issues raised by the crisis—including the future of macroeconomics, explored by William White, former chief economist at the Bank for International Settlements, and the longer-term impact of the crisis on the United States, the world’s largest economy. Our “People in Economics” profile spotlights Joseph Stiglitz, the Nobel Laureate who “can’t get any respect at home.” We also look at the need for rebalancing growth in Asia, which is leading the world out of recession, and we interview five influential Asians on the region’s fragile rebound. We turn our “Straight Talk” column over to Barbara Stocking of Oxfam, who makes a forceful case for stepping up help to the most vulnerable around the world. “Data Spotlight” looks at trends in inflation, which has fallen into negative territory in some countries during the crisis, and in “Point-Counterpoint,” two experts discuss the pros and cons of remittances—funds repatriated by migrant workers to family and friends back home. “Back to Basics” gives a primer on international trade.

Developing countries -- Finance -- Periodicals. --- Economic assistance -- Periodicals. --- Economic assistance. --- International finance -- Periodicals. --- International Finance --- Finance --- Business & Economics --- Exports and Imports --- Foreign Exchange --- Labor --- Macroeconomics --- Environmental Economics --- Climate --- Natural Disasters and Their Management --- Global Warming --- Fiscal Policy --- Financial Crises --- Environmental Economics: General --- International economics --- Currency --- Foreign exchange --- Climate change --- Labour --- income economics --- Exchange rate arrangements --- Financial crises --- Fiscal stimulus --- Remittances --- Climatic changes --- Fiscal policy --- Poverty --- United States --- Income economics

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The Articles of Agreement of the International Monetary Fund were adopted at the United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference (Bretton Woods, New Hampshire) on July 22, 1944. They were originally accepted by 29 countries and since then have been signed and ratified by a total of 189 Member countries. As the charter of the organization, the Articles lay out the Fund’s purposes, which include the promotion of “international monetary cooperation through a permanent institution which provides the machinery for consultation and collaboration on international monetary problems”. The Articles also establish the mandate of the Organization and its members’ rights and obligations, its governance structure and roles of its organs, and lays out various rules of operations including those related to the conduct of its operations and transactions regarding the Special Drawing Rights. The key functions of the IMF are the surveillance of the international monetary system and the monitoring of members’ economic and financial policies, the provision of Fund resources to member countries in need, and the delivery of technical assistance and financial services. Since their adoption in 1944, the Articles of Agreement have been amended seven times, with the latest amendment adopted on December 15, 2010 (effective January 26, 2016). The Articles are complemented by the By-laws of the Fund adopted by the Board of Governors, themselves being supplemented by the Rules and Regulations adopted by the Executive Board.

International finance. --- Banks and banking, International. --- Balance of payments. --- Banking --- Banks and Banking --- Crisis management --- Currency --- Economic & financial crises & disasters --- Financial Institutions and Services: Government Policy and Regulation --- Foreign exchange reserves --- Foreign Exchange --- Foreign exchange --- Government and the Monetary System --- International Economics --- International finance --- Monetary economics --- Monetary Policy --- Monetary Systems --- Money and Monetary Policy --- Money --- Payment Systems --- Public finance & taxation --- Public Finance --- Regimes --- Standards --- Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue: General --- United States

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This study provides a candid, systematic, and critical review of recent evidence on this complex subject. Based on a review of the literature and some new empirical evidence, it finds that (1) in spite of an apparently strong theoretical presumption, it is difficult to detect a strong and robust causal relationship between financial integration and economic growth; (2) contrary to theoretical predictions, financial integration appears to be associated with increases in consumption volatility (both in absolute terms and relative to income volatility) in many developing countries; and (3) there appear to be threshold effects in both of these relationships, which may be related to absorptive capacity. Some recent evidence suggests that sound macroeconomic frameworks and, in particular, good governance are both quantitatively and qualitatively important in affecting developing countries’ experiences with financial globalization.

Capital flows --- Capital movements --- Consumption --- Economic & financial crises & disasters --- Economics --- Exports and Imports --- Finance --- Finance: General --- Financial Crises --- Financial integration --- Financial Risk Management --- Foreign direct investment --- General Financial Markets: General (includes Measurement and Data) --- Globalization --- Globalization: General --- International economics --- International finance --- International Investment --- Investments, Foreign --- Long-term Capital Movements --- Macroeconomics --- Macroeconomics: Consumption --- Saving --- Wealth --- United States