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The Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) Initiative, launched in 1999 by the IMF and the World Bank, was the first coordinated effort by the international financial community to reduce the foreign debt of the world’s poorest countries. It was based on the theory that economic growth in heavily indebted poor countries was being stifled by heavy debt burdens, making it virtually impossible for these countries to escape poverty. However, most of the empirical research on the effects of debt on growth has lumped together a diverse group of countries, and the literature on the countries’ impact of debt on poor is scant. This pamphlet presents the findings of the authors’ empirical research into the subject, analyzing the channels through which debt affects growth in low-income countries.

Exports and Imports --- Financial Risk Management --- Public Finance --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: Infrastructures --- Other Public Investment and Capital Stock --- International Lending and Debt Problems --- Debt --- Debt Management --- Sovereign Debt --- Public finance & taxation --- International economics --- Finance --- Public investment spending --- External debt --- Debt service --- Debt relief --- Public debt --- Public investments --- Debts, External --- Debts, Public --- Lao People's Democratic Republic

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The IMF's 2011 Annual Report chronicles the response of the Fund's Executive Board and staff to the global financial crisis and other events during financial year 2011, which covers the period from May 1, 2010, through April 30, 2011. The print version of the Report is available in eight languages (Arabic, Chinese, English, French, German, Japanese, Russian, and Spanish), along with a CD-ROM (available in English only) that includes the Report text and ancillary materials, including the Fund's Financial Statements for FY2011.

Finance: General --- Financial Risk Management --- Macroeconomics --- Money and Monetary Policy --- Industries: Financial Services --- Monetary Systems --- Standards --- Regimes --- Government and the Monetary System --- Payment Systems --- Financial Institutions and Services: General --- Debt --- Debt Management --- Sovereign Debt --- National Budget --- Budget Systems --- General Financial Markets: Government Policy and Regulation --- Finance --- Monetary economics --- Labour --- income economics --- Budgeting & financial management --- International monetary system --- Financial sector --- Debt relief --- Budget planning and preparation --- Capital flows --- Financial services industry --- International finance --- Debts, External --- Budget --- Auditing --- United States

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The IMF's 2013 Annual Report chronicles the response of the institution's Executive Board and staff to the global financial crisis and other events during financial year 2013, which covers the period from May 1, 2012, through April 30, 2013. The print version of the report is available in eight languages (Arabic, Chinese, English, French, German, Japanese, Russian, and Spanish), along with a CD-ROM (available in English only) that includes the report text and ancillary materials, including the IMF's Financial Statements for FY2013.

Exports and Imports --- Finance: General --- Labor --- Macroeconomics --- Public Finance --- International Investment --- Long-term Capital Movements --- General Financial Markets: Government Policy and Regulation --- Fiscal Policy --- National Budget --- Budget Systems --- Employment --- Unemployment --- Wages --- Intergenerational Income Distribution --- Aggregate Human Capital --- Aggregate Labor Productivity --- Finance --- International economics --- Labour --- income economics --- Management accounting & bookkeeping --- Financial sector stability --- Capital flow management --- Budget planning and preparation --- Fiscal policy --- Capital flows --- Financial services industry --- Capital movements --- Auditing --- Debts, External --- Japan

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“Asia Leading the Way” explores how the region is moving into a leadership role in the world economy. The issue looks at Asia’s biggest economy, China, which has relied heavily on exports to grow, and its need to increase domestic demand and to promote global integration if it is to continue to thrive. China is not the only Asian economy that heavily depends on exports and all of them might take some cues from the region’s second-biggest economy, India, which has a highly developed services sector. Min Zhu, the new Special Advisor to the IMF’s Managing Director, talks about Asia in the global economy, the global financial crisis, correcting imbalances, and the IMF in Asia. And “People in Economics” profiles an Asian crusader for corporate governance, Korea’s Jang Hasung. This issue of F&D also covers how best to reform central banking in the aftermath of the global economic crisis; the pernicious effects of derivatives trading on municipal government finances in Europe and the United States; and some ominous news for governments hoping to rely on better times to help them reduce their debt burdens. Mohamed El-Erian argues that sovereign wealth funds are well-placed to navigate the new global economy that will emerge following the world wide recession. “Back to Basics” explains supply and demand. “Data Spotlight” explores the continuing weakness in bank credit. And “Picture This” focuses on the high, and growing, cost of energy subsidies.

Business. --- Economics. --- Finance. --- Banks and Banking --- Exports and Imports --- Finance: General --- Financial Risk Management --- Macroeconomics --- Financial Crises --- Energy: Demand and Supply --- Prices --- Pension Funds --- Non-bank Financial Institutions --- Financial Instruments --- Institutional Investors --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Debt --- Debt Management --- Sovereign Debt --- Finance --- International economics --- Economic & financial crises & disasters --- Banking --- Sovereign wealth funds --- Financial crises --- Debt reduction --- Services sector --- Debts, External --- Banks and banking --- China, People's Republic of