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Looks at the policy choices involved in creating pension schemes, particularly whether it is advisable to move away from government pay-as-you-go pensions toward private or publicly funded plans. Examines the reasons for the controversy surrounding pension design, and whether the second level of pension systems should be mandatory, private, funded, and defined-contribution.
Pensions --- Law and legislation. --- Aging --- Consumption --- Demography --- Economics of the Elderly --- Economics of the Handicapped --- Economics --- Income economics --- Labor --- Labour --- Macroeconomics --- Macroeconomics: Consumption --- Non-labor Market Discrimination --- Nonwage Labor Costs and Benefits --- Pension spending --- Population & demography --- Population aging --- Private Pensions --- Public Finance --- Retirement Policies --- Retirement --- Saving --- Social Security and Public Pensions --- Wealth --- United States
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The IMF’s World Economic Outlook is packed with country specific facts, figures, and worldwide projections that present the outlook for growth, inflation, trade, and other economic developments in a clear, practical format. Leading international economists pull together the latest data on key topics, producing informed projections and policy analyses that show where the global economy is headed in the years to come. Business executives, policymakers, bankers, investors, marketing strategists, and economists worldwide refer to the WEO with confidence because it delivers a balanced view of the current economic situation, built upon the respected and extensive macroeconomic expertise and statistical resources of the IMF. The WEO is the product of a unique international exercise in information gathering and analysis performed by over 1,000 economists on the IMF staff. An annual subscription to the World Economic Outlook, published at least twice a year in English, French, Spanish, and Arabic, offers a comprehensive assessment of the international economic situation as well as prospects for the future. With its analyses backed by the expertise and unparalleled resources of the IMF, the World Economic Outlook is the authoritative reference in its field. Today, when even small economic fluctuations can trigger major financial swings, the WEO supplies a solid source of actionable information and data.
Balance of payments --- Currency --- Current Account Adjustment --- Deflation --- Energy: Demand and Supply --- Exports and Imports --- Finance --- Finance: General --- Foreign Exchange --- Foreign exchange --- Income economics --- Inflation --- International economics --- Labor market --- Labor markets --- Labor share --- Labor --- Labour --- Macroeconomics --- Oil prices --- Price Level --- Prices --- Real exchange rates --- Short-term Capital Movements --- Wages --- Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs: General --- United States
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The global upswing in economic activity is strengthening. Global growth, which in 2016 was the weakest since the global financial crisis at 3.2 percent, is projected to rise to 3.6 percent in 2017 and to 3.7 percent in 2018. The growth forecasts for both 2017 and 2018 are 0.1 percentage point stronger compared with projections earlier this year. Broad-based upward revisions in the euro area, Japan, emerging Asia, emerging Europe, and Russia—where growth outcomes in the first half of 2017 were better than expected—more than offset downward revisions for the United States and the United Kingdom. But the recovery is not complete: while the baseline outlook is strengthening, growth remains weak in many countries, and inflation is below target in most advanced economies. Commodity exporters, especially of fuel, are particularly hard hit as their adjustment to a sharp step down in foreign earnings continues. And while short-term risks are broadly balanced, medium-term risks are still tilted to the downside. The welcome cyclical pickup in global activity thus provides an ideal window of opportunity to tackle the key policy challenges—namely to boost potential output while ensuring its benefits are broadly shared, and to build resilience against downside risks. A renewed multilateral effort is also needed to tackle the common challenges of an integrated global economy.
Aggregate Human Capital --- Aggregate Labor Productivity --- Climate change --- Climate --- Climatic changes --- Economic theory --- Emerging and frontier financial markets --- Employment --- Environmental Economics --- Exports and Imports --- Finance --- Finance: General --- Financial services industry --- General Aggregative Models: General --- General Financial Markets: General (includes Measurement and Data) --- Global Warming --- Income economics --- Intergenerational Income Distribution --- Labor --- Labour --- Macroeconomics --- National accounts --- National income --- Natural Disasters and Their Management --- Natural disasters --- Unemployment --- Wages --- Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs: General --- United States
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Global economic activity is picking up with a long-awaited cyclical recovery in investment, manufacturing, and trade, according to Chapter 1 of this World Economic Outlook. World growth is expected to rise from 3.1 percent in 2016 to 3.5 percent in 2017 and 3.6 percent in 2018. Stronger activity, expectations of more robust global demand, reduced deflationary pressures, and optimistic financial markets are all upside developments. But structural impediments to a stronger recovery and a balance of risks that remains tilted to the downside, especially over the medium term, remain important challenges. Chapter 2 examines how changes in external conditions may affect the pace of income convergence between advanced and emerging market and developing economies. Chapter 3 looks at the declining share of income that goes to labor, including the root causes and how the trend affects inequality. Overall, this report stresses the need for credible strategies in advanced economies and in those whose markets are emerging and developing to tackle a number of common challenges in an integrated global economy.
Exports and Imports --- Finance: General --- Labor --- Macroeconomics --- Public Finance --- Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs: General --- General Financial Markets: General (includes Measurement and Data) --- Commodity Markets --- General Aggregative Models: General --- Current Account Adjustment --- Short-term Capital Movements --- Labour --- income economics --- Finance --- International economics --- Globalization --- Labor share --- Emerging and frontier financial markets --- Commodity prices --- National accounts --- Personal income --- Wages --- Financial services industry --- Prices --- National income --- Balance of payments --- United States --- Income economics
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