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Urgent steps are needed to arrest the rising human toll and economic strain from the COVID-19 pandemic that are exacerbating already-diverging recoveries. Pandemic policy is also economic policy as there is no durable end to the economic crisis without an end to the health crisis. Building on existing initiatives, this paper proposes pragmatic actions at the national and multilateral level to expeditiously defeat the pandemic. The proposal targets: (1) vaccinating at least 40 percent of the population in all countries by the end of 2021 and at least 60 percent by the first half of 2022, (2) tracking and insuring against downside risks, and (3) ensuring widespread testing and tracing, maintaining adequate stocks of therapeutics, and enforcing public health measures in places where vaccine coverage is low. The benefits of such measures at about $9 trillion far outweigh the costs which are estimated to be around $50 billion—of which $35 billion should be paid by grants from donors and the residual by national governments potentially with the support of concessional financing from bilateral and multilateral agencies. The grant funding gap identified by the Access to COVID-19 Tools (ACT) Accelerator amounts to about $22 billion, which the G20 recognizes as important to address. This leaves an estimated $13 billion in additional grant contributions needed to finance our proposal. Importantly, the strategy requires global cooperation to secure upfront financing, upfront vaccine donations, and at-risk investment to insure against downside risks for the world.

India

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Hindus --- Astrology --- Chronology, Hindu --- India

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Sufism --- Wahhabiyah --- Najdi doctrine --- Wahabism --- Wahhabi mission --- Wahhabi movement --- Wahhabi movement (India) --- Wahhabi religious reform movement --- Wahhabis --- Wahhabism --- Wahhabiyya --- Islamic sects --- Islamic renewal --- Sofism --- Mysticism --- Islam --- Wahhābīyah

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The proposed SDN discusses the specific macro-critical aspects of women’s participation in the labor market and the constraints that prevent women from developing their full economic potential. Building on earlier Fund analysis, work undertaken by other organizations and academic research, the SDN presents possible policies to overcome these obstacles in different types of countries.

Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth --- Economics of Gender --- Gender diversity --- Gender inequality --- Gender Studies --- Gender studies --- Gender studies, gender groups --- Income economics --- Labor economics --- Labor Economics: General --- Labor force participation --- Labor market --- Labor Standards: Labor Force Composition --- Labor --- Labour --- Macroeconomics --- Non-labor Discrimination --- Sex discrimination --- Sex role --- Social discrimination & equal treatment --- Women & girls --- Women --- Women's Studies --- India

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Urgent steps are needed to arrest the rising human toll and economic strain from the COVID-19 pandemic that are exacerbating already-diverging recoveries. Pandemic policy is also economic policy as there is no durable end to the economic crisis without an end to the health crisis. Building on existing initiatives, this paper proposes pragmatic actions at the national and multilateral level to expeditiously defeat the pandemic. The proposal targets: (1) vaccinating at least 40 percent of the population in all countries by the end of 2021 and at least 60 percent by the first half of 2022, (2) tracking and insuring against downside risks, and (3) ensuring widespread testing and tracing, maintaining adequate stocks of therapeutics, and enforcing public health measures in places where vaccine coverage is low. The benefits of such measures at about $9 trillion far outweigh the costs which are estimated to be around $50 billion—of which $35 billion should be paid by grants from donors and the residual by national governments potentially with the support of concessional financing from bilateral and multilateral agencies. The grant funding gap identified by the Access to COVID-19 Tools (ACT) Accelerator amounts to about $22 billion, which the G20 recognizes as important to address. This leaves an estimated $13 billion in additional grant contributions needed to finance our proposal. Importantly, the strategy requires global cooperation to secure upfront financing, upfront vaccine donations, and at-risk investment to insure against downside risks for the world.

Aggregate Factor Income Distribution --- Communicable diseases --- Crisis management --- Demographic Economics: General --- Demography --- Diseases: Contagious --- Economic & financial crises & disasters --- Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity: General --- Economic sectors --- Economics of specific sectors --- Economics: General --- Financial crises --- Health Behavior --- Health economics --- Health --- Health: General --- Income --- Industries: Manufacturing --- Industry Studies: Manufacturing: General --- Infectious & contagious diseases --- Macroeconomics --- Manufacturing industries --- National accounts --- Natural disasters --- Population & demography --- Population and demographics --- Population --- Publicly Provided Goods: General --- India