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The World Economic Outlook, published twice a year in English, French, Spanish, and Arabic, presents IMF staff economists' analyses of global economic developments during the near and medium term. Chapters give an overview of the world economy; consider issues affecting industrial countries, developing countries, and economies in transition to the market; and address topics of pressing current interest. Annexes, boxes, charts, and an extensive statistical appendix augment the text.

Banks and Banking --- Budgeting & financial management --- Budgeting --- Debt Management --- Debt --- Debts, Public --- Expenditure --- Expenditures, Public --- Exports and Imports --- Exports --- Finance --- Fiscal consolidation --- Fiscal Policy --- Fiscal policy --- Interest rates --- Interest Rates: Determination, Term Structure, and Effects --- International economics --- Macroeconomics --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- Public debt --- Public finance & taxation --- Public Finance --- Sovereign Debt --- Trade: General --- United States

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The consumer price index (CPI) measures the rate at which the prices of consumer goods and services are changing over time. It is a key statistic for economic and social policymaking and has substantial and wide-ranging implications for governments, businesses, and households. This important and comprehensive Manual provides guidelines for statistical offices and other agencies responsible for constructing CPIs, and explains in-depth the methods that are used to calculate a CPI. It also examines the underlying economic and statistical concepts and principles needed for making choices in efficient and cost-effective ways, and for appreciating the full implications of those choices.

Investments: Commodities --- Infrastructure --- Investments: General --- Macroeconomics --- Public Finance --- Price Level --- Inflation --- Deflation --- Commodity Markets --- Macroeconomics: Consumption --- Saving --- Wealth --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- Methodology for Collecting, Estimating, and Organizing Macroeconomic Data --- Data Access --- Public finance & taxation --- Investment & securities --- Finance --- Insurance & actuarial studies --- Price indexes --- Consumer price indexes --- Consumption --- Expenditure --- Commodities --- Economics --- Saving and investment --- Expenditures, Public --- Prices --- United States

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Saudi Arabia: Tackling Emerging Economic Challenges to Sustain Strong Growth.

Investments: Energy --- Macroeconomics --- Public Finance --- Industries: Energy --- Energy: General --- Energy: Demand and Supply --- Prices --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- Fiscal Policy --- Macroeconomics: Production --- Investment & securities --- Public finance & taxation --- Petroleum, oil & gas industries --- Oil --- Oil prices --- Expenditure --- Fiscal policy --- Oil production --- Petroleum industry and trade --- Expenditures, Public --- Saudi Arabia

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Selected Issues.

Budget planning and preparation --- Budget Systems --- Budgeting & financial management --- Budgeting --- Energy: Demand and Supply --- Expenditure --- Expenditures, Public --- Finance --- Finance: General --- Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy --- Financial services industry --- Fiscal Policy --- Fiscal policy --- Fiscal rules --- Income economics --- Labor market --- Labor --- Labour --- Macroeconomics --- National Budget --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- Oil prices --- Prices --- Public finance & taxation --- Public Finance --- Saudi Arabia

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KEY ISSUES Context. Saudi Arabia’s economy has grown very strongly in recent years, benefitting from high oil prices and output, strong private sector activity, and government spending. It has played a systemic and stabilizing role in the global oil market. The economy has not been affected by the recent global financial market volatility. The Saudi population is young, growing, and increasingly well educated. Outlook and risks. The near term economic outlook is positive. Oil production is expected to be little changed from 2013, while non-oil growth will be underpinned by strong private sector activity and government spending on large projects in transportation infrastructure and housing. Inflation is expected to remain subdued. The main source of risk is the global oil market. Macroeconomic policies. Fiscal buffers are strong at present, providing macroeconomic policies with scope to respond to shocks. The current path of fiscal policy would, however, lead to a substantial erosion of these buffers over the medium-term. Fiscal adjustment needs to start to preserve these buffers and increase saving for intergenerational equity purposes. Monetary and macro-prudential policy settings are appropriate at present. Reforms to the macroeconomic policy framework can help strengthen macroeconomic management and create an environment conducive to private investment and job creation. Managing demographic pressures. A multi-pronged labor market reform program is increasing the employment of nationals in the private sector and improving the functioning of the labor market. An ambitious program to boost the supply of housing is also underway. Energy consumption is high, and price increases are needed to support efforts to increase energy efficiency and develop public transportation networks. Economic diversification. Creating a more diversified economy is a challenge given Saudi Arabia’s vast oil resources. The government is making considerable efforts to lay the groundwork for further diversification by upgrading infrastructure, strengthening education and skills, boosting access to finance for SMEs, and improving the business environment. However, more needs to be done to realign incentives to encourage firms to export and workers to seek jobs in the private sector.

Saudi Arabia --- Investments: Energy --- Inflation --- Macroeconomics --- Public Finance --- Statistics --- Energy: Demand and Supply --- Prices --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- Fiscal Policy --- Data Collection and Data Estimation Methodology --- Computer Programs: Other --- Energy: General --- Public finance & taxation --- Econometrics & economic statistics --- Investment & securities --- Oil prices --- Expenditure --- Fiscal policy --- Oil --- Income --- Expenditures, Public --- Petroleum industry and trade