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Africa is the world’s poorest continent, but amid all the bad news, there is hope for change. This pamphlet examines the lessons to be learned from some of the more successful economies south of the Sahara, and discusses a policy framework to promote sustainable economic growth and reduce poverty across the region.

Capacity --- Capital --- Debt Management --- Debt --- Debts, Public --- Domestic savings --- Export performance --- Exports and Imports --- Exports --- Government debt management --- Institutions and the Macroeconomy --- Intangible Capital --- International economics --- Investment --- Investments: General --- Macroeconomics --- Macroeconomics: Consumption --- Private investment --- Public finance & taxation --- Public Finance --- Saving and investment --- Saving --- Sovereign Debt --- Structural reforms --- Trade: General --- Wealth

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The global financial crisis of recent years and the associated large fiscal deficits and debt levels that have impacted many countries underscores the importance of reliable and timely government statistics and, more broadly, public sector debt as a critical element in countries fiscal and external sustainability. Public Sector Debt Statistics is the first international guide of its kind, and its primary objectives are to improve the quality and timeliness of key debt statistics and promote a convergence of recording practices to foster international comparability and as a reference for national compilers and users for compiling and disseminating these data. Like other statistical guides published by the IMF, this one was prepared in consultation with countries and international agencies, including the nine organizations of the Inter-Agency Task Force on Finance Statistics (TFFS). The guide's preparation was based on the broad range of experience of our institutions and benefitted from consultation with national compilers of government finance and public sector debt statistics. The guide's concepts are harmonized with those of the System of National Accounts (2008) and the Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Manual, Sixth Edition.

Debts, Public --- Business & Economics --- DEBTS, PUBLIC --- BUSINESS & ECONOMICS --- Business enterprises --- Civil service & public sector --- Corporate Finance --- Debt Management --- Debt --- Debts, External --- Exports and Imports --- Finance --- Finance, Public --- Financial Institutions and Services: General --- Financial instruments --- General Financial Markets: General (includes Measurement and Data) --- Government debt management --- International Lending and Debt Problems --- Investment & securities --- Investments: General --- Macroeconomics --- Ownership & organization of enterprises --- Public debt --- Public Enterprises --- Public finance & taxation --- Public Finance --- Public sector --- Public-Private Enterprises --- Securities --- Sovereign Debt --- United States

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The global economy is climbing out from the depths to which it had plummeted during the Great Lockdown in April. But with the COVID-19 pandemic continuing to spread, many countries have slowed reopening and some are reinstating partial lockdowns to protect susceptible populations. While recovery in China has been faster than expected, the global economy’s long ascent back to pre-pandemic levels of activity remains prone to setbacks.

Finance: General --- Macroeconomics --- Taxation --- Environmental Conservation and Protection --- Natural Resources --- Climate --- Natural Disasters and Their Management --- Global Warming --- Taxation and Subsidies: Externalities --- Redistributive Effects --- Environmental Taxes and Subsidies --- General Financial Markets: General (includes Measurement and Data) --- Nonrenewable Resources and Conservation: General --- General Aggregative Models: General --- Climate change --- Environmental management --- Public finance & taxation --- Finance --- Climate policy --- Economic recession --- Economic growth --- World Economic Outlook --- International trade --- Trade balance --- Trade deficits --- Trade policy --- Public debt --- Domestic debt --- Government debt management --- Government debt planning --- Debt management policies --- Debt reorganization --- Carbon tax --- Non-renewable resources --- Emerging and frontier financial markets --- Greenhouse gas emissions --- Environmental impact charges --- Natural resources --- Financial services industry --- Greenhouse gases --- Climatic changes --- United States

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The World Economic Outlook, published twice a year in English, French, Spanish, and Arabic, presents IMF staff economists' analyses of global economic developments during the near and medium term. Chapters give an overview of the world economy; consider issues affecting industrial countries, and economics in transition to market; and address topics of pressing current interest. Annexes, boxes, charts, and an extensive statistical appendix augment the text.

Finance: General --- Foreign Exchange --- Inflation --- Macroeconomics --- Public Finance --- Debt --- Debt Management --- Sovereign Debt --- General Financial Markets: General (includes Measurement and Data) --- Price Level --- Deflation --- Fiscal Policy --- Currency --- Foreign exchange --- Public finance & taxation --- Finance --- Public debt --- Exchange rates --- Emerging and frontier financial markets --- Real effective exchange rates --- Debts, Public --- Financial services industry --- Prices --- Fiscal policy --- United States

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The Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) Initiative, launched in 1999 by the IMF and the World Bank, was the first coordinated effort by the international financial community to reduce the foreign debt of the world’s poorest countries. It was based on the theory that economic growth in heavily indebted poor countries was being stifled by heavy debt burdens, making it virtually impossible for these countries to escape poverty. However, most of the empirical research on the effects of debt on growth has lumped together a diverse group of countries, and the literature on the countries’ impact of debt on poor is scant. This pamphlet presents the findings of the authors’ empirical research into the subject, analyzing the channels through which debt affects growth in low-income countries.

Exports and Imports --- Financial Risk Management --- Public Finance --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: Infrastructures --- Other Public Investment and Capital Stock --- International Lending and Debt Problems --- Debt --- Debt Management --- Sovereign Debt --- Public finance & taxation --- International economics --- Finance --- Public investment spending --- External debt --- Debt service --- Debt relief --- Public debt --- Public investments --- Debts, External --- Debts, Public --- Lao People's Democratic Republic