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This Special Issue of Polymers is a collection of 11 original high-quality scientific contributions on basic and applied research in the field of wood science and technology, and provides good examples of the recent challenges related to the production and application of wood and wood-based materials. The Special Issue includes individual papers concerned with the enhancement of the performance and technological properties of wood composites, above all plywood, as well as with the ignition and combustion of wood and wood composites in monitoring and evaluating these processes on state-of-the-art equipment, and monitoring chemical changes in wood and wood adhesives and composites. The topic of the Special Issue has clearly resonated with the world’s scientific community and the responses have come from traditionally strong wood research centers in Europe and Asia.

Technology: general issues --- plywood --- veneer 3D moldability --- natural fiber reinforcement --- wood-plastic composite (WPC) --- silicone --- mechanical properties --- cytotoxicity --- casting --- ageing --- veneer --- laser-cut --- additive manufacturing --- wood composite --- birch plywood --- molecular weight --- phenol-formaldehyde resin --- soft-rot --- weathering stability --- wood-based panels --- high-density fiberboards --- bio-adhesives --- ammonium lignosulfonate --- zero-formaldehyde emission --- tropical wood --- non-isothermal thermogravimetry --- deconvolution of thermogravimetry runs --- cone calorimetry testing --- heat-release rate --- OSB --- heat flux density --- ignition time --- weight loss --- meranti --- padauk --- merbau --- thermal treatment --- wood lignin --- eco-panel --- small ignition initiator --- straw --- relative burning rate --- fire properties --- spruce wood --- cellulose --- hemicelluloses --- lignin --- extractives --- time of storage --- fiber characteristics --- torrefied wood --- fuel --- combustion --- heat release rate

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Recently, there has been a growing awareness of the need to make better use of natural resources. Hence, the utilization of biomass has led to so-called biorefinery, consisting of the fractionation or separation of the different components of the lignocellulosic materials in order to achieve a total utilization of the same, and not only of the cellulosic fraction for paper production. The use of plant biomass as a basic raw material implies a shift from an economy based on the exploitation of non-renewable fossil fuels, with limited reserves or with regeneration cycles far below the rates of exploitation, to a bioeconomy based on the use of renewable organic natural resources, with balanced regeneration and extraction cycles. To make this change, profound readjustments in existing technologies are necessary, as well as the application of new approaches in research, development, and production."Biorefinery" is the term used to describe the technology for the fractionation of plant biomass into energy, chemicals, and consumer goods. The future generation of biorefinery will include treatments, leading to high-value-added compounds. The use of green chemistry technologies and principles in biorefineries, such as solvent and reagent recovery and the minimization of effluent and gas emissions, is essential to define an economically and environmentally sustainable process.In particular, the biorefinery of lignocellulosic materials to produce biofuels, chemicals and materials is presented as a solid alternative to the current petrochemical platform and a possible solution to the accumulation of greenhouse gases.

Research & information: general --- lignocellulosic biomass --- solid-state fermentation --- enzymatic hydrolysis --- aerated bioreactor --- Aspergillus oryzae --- lignin --- lignocellulose --- aromatics --- biobased --- epoxy --- fatty acid --- biopolymers --- biobased materials --- biorenewable --- bio-based filament --- 3D printing --- sugarcane bagasse pulp --- barley straw --- composite --- flexural strength --- biobased polyethylene --- nanocellulose --- β-cyclodextrin --- cryogels --- films --- biomaterials --- cellulose --- dialdehyde cellulose --- organosilane chemistry --- 29Si NMR --- solid state NMR --- silanization --- lignocellulose valorization --- ‘lignin-first’ --- reductive catalytic fractionation --- lignocellulose nanofibers --- horticultural residues --- paperboard --- recycling --- biosurfactants --- enzymatic saccharification --- fermentation --- quinoa saponins --- steam-pretreated spruce --- lignocellulosic material --- xylose --- furfural --- iron chloride --- microwave reactor --- biorefinery --- electrosynthesis --- biomass --- carbohydrate --- saccharides --- electro-oxidation --- electroreduction --- residue --- agro-industry --- high-value products --- banana --- torrefaction --- Jerusalem artichoke --- biofuel --- energy crops --- agiculture --- micro-fibrillated cellulose --- formaldehyde adhesives --- wood-based panels --- kraft lignin --- adsorbent material --- copper adsorption --- H2S adsorption --- H2S removal --- n/a --- 'lignin-first'

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The search for alternative sources of energy is an attempt to solve two of the main problems facing the modern world. Today's resources are mainly based on fossil flammable substances such as coal, oil, and natural gas. The first problem is related to the expected and observed depletion of deposits, not only those available but also less accessible. Another is related to global warming from emissions of greenhouse gases (mainly carbon dioxide) as well as emissions of other pollutants in the atmosphere. Mitigating the harmful effects of fossil fuel use is an obvious challenge for mankind. This Special Issue includes articles on the search for new raw materials and new technologies for obtaining energy, such as those existing in nature, methane hydrates, biomass, etc., new more efficient technologies for generating electricity, as well as analyses of the possibilities and conditions of use of these resources for practical applications.

thermoelectric generation --- turbo-generator --- exhaust heat recovery --- kinetics --- pyrolysis --- wood-based panels --- Van KREVELEN systematics --- TG-MS/FTIR analysis --- CH4 hydrate --- replacement --- IGCC syngas --- in-situ Raman --- thermodynamic cycles --- ORC --- efficiency --- energy consumption --- comminution --- grinding --- multi-disc mill --- energy consumption index --- energy assessment --- wind power plant --- sustainable development --- modernization --- recycling --- solar energy --- wind energy --- energy efficiency --- environmental impact --- economic evaluation --- on-grid system --- HOMER Pro software --- natural gas hydrate --- critical velocity --- solid fluidization method --- water jet --- ultimate breaking distance --- biofuel policy --- efficiency rating --- ethanol --- data mining --- waste-to-energy --- sector coupling --- waste incineration --- waste heat recovery in desalination --- efficiency increasing in waste incineration --- waste plastic oil --- biodiesel --- castor oil --- emission --- diesel engine --- parallel plugin hybrid --- hybrid two-wheeler --- load-levelling control (LLC) --- equivalent fuel-consumption minimization strategy (ECMS) --- battery ageing --- fuel economy --- engine switching and charge sustained

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The search for alternative sources of energy is an attempt to solve two of the main problems facing the modern world. Today's resources are mainly based on fossil flammable substances such as coal, oil, and natural gas. The first problem is related to the expected and observed depletion of deposits, not only those available but also less accessible. Another is related to global warming from emissions of greenhouse gases (mainly carbon dioxide) as well as emissions of other pollutants in the atmosphere. Mitigating the harmful effects of fossil fuel use is an obvious challenge for mankind. This Special Issue includes articles on the search for new raw materials and new technologies for obtaining energy, such as those existing in nature, methane hydrates, biomass, etc., new more efficient technologies for generating electricity, as well as analyses of the possibilities and conditions of use of these resources for practical applications.

Technology: general issues --- thermoelectric generation --- turbo-generator --- exhaust heat recovery --- kinetics --- pyrolysis --- wood-based panels --- Van KREVELEN systematics --- TG-MS/FTIR analysis --- CH4 hydrate --- replacement --- IGCC syngas --- in-situ Raman --- thermodynamic cycles --- ORC --- efficiency --- energy consumption --- comminution --- grinding --- multi-disc mill --- energy consumption index --- energy assessment --- wind power plant --- sustainable development --- modernization --- recycling --- solar energy --- wind energy --- energy efficiency --- environmental impact --- economic evaluation --- on-grid system --- HOMER Pro software --- natural gas hydrate --- critical velocity --- solid fluidization method --- water jet --- ultimate breaking distance --- biofuel policy --- efficiency rating --- ethanol --- data mining --- waste-to-energy --- sector coupling --- waste incineration --- waste heat recovery in desalination --- efficiency increasing in waste incineration --- waste plastic oil --- biodiesel --- castor oil --- emission --- diesel engine --- parallel plugin hybrid --- hybrid two-wheeler --- load-levelling control (LLC) --- equivalent fuel-consumption minimization strategy (ECMS) --- battery ageing --- fuel economy --- engine switching and charge sustained

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This Special Issue "Application of Wood Composites" addresses various aspects of these important wood materials’ use. Topics include the mechanical processing of wood composites, including their cutting, milling, or sanding, incorporating current analysis of wood dust or grain size measurements and the composition of particles; scientific views on the influence of various adhesives in the creation process of wood composites and the analysis of their behavior in contact with various wood elements under different conditions; the analysis of input raw materials forming wood composites, including various wood species, but also non-wood lignocellulosic raw materials; and, last but not least, the analysis of bark, which in recent years has become an important and promising raw material involved in the construction of wood composites. The study of the development of the sliding table saw also suitably complements this Special Issue.

Technology: general issues --- bark --- bonding --- partial liquefaction --- MUF adhesives --- water vapor sorption --- thickness swelling --- wood-based panels --- chestnut --- decay --- defect --- density --- knot --- roughness --- surface --- texture --- quality --- veneer --- hazelnut --- walnut --- shells --- lignocellulosic composites --- UF --- PUR --- formaldehyde content --- oriented strand boards (OSBs) --- fast-growing species, modulus of rupture (MOR) --- modulus of elasticity (MOE) --- internal bond (IB) --- swelling (S) --- water absorption (A) --- biobased resins --- formaldehyde emission --- minerals --- wollastonite --- wood composite panels --- sliding table saw --- spindle --- critical rotational speed --- static stiffness --- dynamic properties --- noise --- sawing of wood composites --- wood composites --- recycled fibres --- bioadhesives --- magnesium lignosulfonate --- corner joints --- bending strength capacity --- birch wood --- chips --- granulometric composition of sawdust and chips --- air handling --- ecological filtration --- tropical wood dust --- granulometric sieve analysis --- morphology shape of particles --- temperature of ignition --- laser cutting --- wood --- cutting parameters --- wood dust --- sanding --- sandpaper --- particle-size distribution --- acetylation --- wood fiber --- strength --- stiffness --- internal bonding strength --- regression --- finite element analysis --- alien plants --- wood plastic composite --- flexural strength --- tensile strength --- swelling --- dimension stability --- scanning electron microscopy --- hardwoods --- extractives --- pH value --- wettability --- PVAc adhesive --- adhesion strength --- particleboard --- three-layer particleboard --- cup plant --- TOF-SIMS --- biomass --- bioresources --- softwood --- hardwood --- belt sander --- abrasion --- beech --- oak --- ash --- hornbeam --- alder --- pine --- spruce --- larch --- n/a