Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Crystal whiskers

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Crystal whiskers --- Fibers --- Fibrous composites

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Tin (Sn) whiskers are electrically conductive, single crystal eruptions that grow from Sn film surfaces. Their high aspect ratio presents reliability problems for the electronics industry due to bridging and metal arcing, leading to malfunctions and catastrophic failures in many electronic systems (including satellite and defense sectors). Due to legislation in the EU, Japan, and the U.S., mandating a gradual shift from lead (Pb)-based to lead-free solders and board finishes, there has been a reemergence of Sn whiskers. Continuing reports of Sn whisker induced failures coupled with the lack of an industry-accepted understanding of whisker growth and/or test methods to identify whisker prone products has made pure/high Sn substitutes a risky proposition in high reliability systems. This thesis is designed to clarify and control the fundamental mechanisms that govern whisker formation. The research focuses on reproducible "laboratory" created whiskers under a variety of rigorously controlled environmental factors such as film thickness, film stress, substrate material, gas environment, and humidity exposure, which are known to play a significant role in whisker production. The ultimate question of how to impede and/or prevent whisker growth is also addressed and shows that whisker prevention is possible via hard metal capping films, which are impenetrable by whiskers.

Electrical & Computer Engineering --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Electrical Engineering --- Metallic whiskers. --- Fibrous composites. --- Fiber composites --- Fiber-reinforced composites --- Filament reinforced composites --- Reinforced fibrous composites --- Metal whiskers --- Whiskers, Metallic --- Physics. --- Surfaces (Physics). --- Interfaces (Physical sciences). --- Thin films. --- Electronic circuits. --- Metals. --- Materials --- Electronic Circuits and Devices. --- Circuits and Systems. --- Metallic Materials. --- Surfaces and Interfaces, Thin Films. --- Surface and Interface Science, Thin Films. --- Surfaces. --- Composite materials --- Crystal whiskers --- Metal crystals --- Systems engineering. --- Materials. --- Physics --- Surface chemistry --- Surfaces (Technology) --- Engineering --- Engineering materials --- Industrial materials --- Engineering design --- Manufacturing processes --- Engineering systems --- System engineering --- Industrial engineering --- System analysis --- Design and construction --- Materials—Surfaces. --- Surfaces (Physics) --- Films, Thin --- Solid film --- Solid state electronics --- Solids --- Coatings --- Thick films --- Metallic elements --- Chemical elements --- Ores --- Metallurgy --- Electron-tube circuits --- Electric circuits --- Electron tubes --- Electronics

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Sensorimotor integration, the dynamic process by which the sensory and motor systems communicate with each other, is crucial to humans’ and animals’ ability to explore and react to their environment. This book summarizes the main aspects of our current understanding of sensorimotor integration in 10 chapters written by leading scientists in this active and ever-growing field. This volume focuses on the whisker system, which is an exquisite model to experimentally approach sensorimotor integration in the mammalian brain. In this book, authors examine the whisker system on many different levels, ranging from the building blocks and neuronal circuits to sensorimotor behavior. Neuronal coding strategies, comparative analysis as well as robotics illustrate the multiple facets of this research and its broad impact on fundamental questions about the neurobiology of the mammalian brain.

Sensorimotor integration --- Whiskers --- Physiology --- Vibrissae --- Rodentia --- Mammals --- Animal Structures --- Biological Science Disciplines --- Natural Science Disciplines --- Vertebrates --- Anatomy --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Chordata --- Animals --- Eukaryota --- Organisms --- Neurology --- Medicine --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Sensorimotor integration. --- Whiskers. --- Rodents --- Nervous system. --- Sinus hairs --- Tactile hairs --- Integration, Sensorimotor --- Intersensory integration --- Perceptual-motor integration --- Sensimotor integration --- Sensory integration --- Sensory-motor integration --- Medicine. --- Neurosciences. --- Neurology. --- Artificial intelligence. --- Biomedicine. --- Artificial Intelligence (incl. Robotics). --- Hair --- Perceptual-motor processes --- Sensory integration dysfunction --- Artificial Intelligence. --- Nervous system --- Neuropsychiatry --- AI (Artificial intelligence) --- Artificial thinking --- Electronic brains --- Intellectronics --- Intelligence, Artificial --- Intelligent machines --- Machine intelligence --- Thinking, Artificial --- Bionics --- Cognitive science --- Digital computer simulation --- Electronic data processing --- Logic machines --- Machine theory --- Self-organizing systems --- Simulation methods --- Fifth generation computers --- Neural computers --- Neural sciences --- Neurological sciences --- Neuroscience --- Medical sciences --- Diseases --- Neurology .

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Active (also called “smart”) coatings and thin films are defined as those that are capable of sensing their environment and appropriately responding to that external stimulus. This Special Issue “Active Organic and Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Coatings and Thin Films: Challenges, Developments, Perspectives” collected a series of papers that outline the current frontiers in the development of smart coatings and thin films for corrosion and other types of materials applications. The first four papers focus on novel discoveries on coatings with corrosion protection properties. These include environmentally-friendly polyurethane loaded with cerium nitrate corrosion inhibitor for mild steel protection, hot-pressed organic polymer coatings for the protection of pre-treated aluminum alloy surfaces exposed to NaCl aqueous solutions, functional epoxy coating with modified functional TiO2 for steel substrates protection, and hybrid composites against the thermo-oxidative corrosion of the metal parts of the internal combustion engines, turbines, and heaters. The next paper explores the potential of organic polymer/ceramic composite coatings to enhance the scratch resistance of typical floor laminates. The next three papers highlight other types of smart coatings and thin films, including low-temperature curable hybrid dielectric materials for field-effect transistors, bilayer antireflective coatings for optoelectronic devices, and organic polymers as the thin-film component for enthalpy exchanger systems in air conditioning applications. The final two papers focus on important research specific to coatings that serve as protection and preservation cultural heritage materials.

high-temperature coatings --- corrosion protection --- powder coatings --- scale inhibition --- anti-corrosion --- mesoporous TiO2 whiskers --- organic coatings --- mild steel --- waterborne polyurethane --- corrosion --- cerium nitrate --- coating --- HVAC --- SPEEK --- cross-linking --- INCA method --- thin membranes --- high DS --- refractive index --- deposition angle --- wavelength --- antireflective --- omnidirectional --- nanostructures --- thermal stability --- high pressure laminates (HPL) --- overlay --- alumina --- functionalization --- silane coupling agent --- scratch resistance --- scratch visibility --- scratch hardness --- organic thin-film transistors --- dielectric --- organosilicate --- copolymer --- poly(phenylene methylene), aluminum alloy --- AA2024 --- coatings by hot pressing --- additives --- fluorescence --- waterborne coatings --- batch miniemulsion --- weathering --- stone preservation --- coatings --- nanosilica --- nano-TiO2 --- nano-clay --- stone conservation --- wood protection