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It's a commonplace that citizens in Western democracies are disaffected with their political leaders and traditional democratic institutions. But in Democratic Legitimacy, Pierre Rosanvallon, one of today's leading political thinkers, argues that this crisis of confidence is partly a crisis of understanding. He makes the case that the sources of democratic legitimacy have shifted and multiplied over the past thirty years and that we need to comprehend and make better use of these new sources of legitimacy in order to strengthen our political self-belief and commitment to democracy. Drawing on examples from France and the United States, Rosanvallon notes that there has been a major expansion of independent commissions, NGOs, regulatory authorities, and watchdogs in recent decades. At the same time, constitutional courts have become more willing and able to challenge legislatures. These institutional developments, which serve the democratic values of impartiality and reflexivity, have been accompanied by a new attentiveness to what Rosanvallon calls the value of proximity, as governing structures have sought to find new spaces for minorities, the particular, and the local. To improve our democracies, we need to use these new sources of legitimacy more effectively and we need to incorporate them into our accounts of democratic government. An original contribution to the vigorous international debate about democratic authority and legitimacy, this promises to be one of Rosanvallon's most important books.

Legitimacy of governments. --- Democracy. --- Governments, Legitimacy of --- Legitimacy (Constitutional law) --- Consensus (Social sciences) --- Revolutions --- Sovereignty --- State, The --- General will --- Political stability --- Regime change --- Self-government --- Political science --- Equality --- Representative government and representation --- Republics --- Democracy --- Legitimacy of governments --- Western democracy. --- administration. --- administrative-executive power. --- appropriation. --- bureaucracies. --- bureaucracy. --- care. --- citizens. --- civic life. --- constitution. --- constitutional courts. --- constitutional judges. --- constitutional oversight. --- constitutional review. --- constitutional thought. --- corporatism. --- countermajoritarian difficulty. --- democracy. --- democratic authority. --- democratic ideals. --- democratic impartiality. --- democratic institution. --- democratic institutions. --- democratic legitimacy. --- democratic systems. --- derivative legitimacy. --- direct relations. --- dual legitimacy. --- elections. --- electoral legitimation. --- electoral politics. --- executive functions. --- flexible relations. --- general interest. --- generality. --- government initiatives. --- government intervention. --- government. --- identification. --- identity politics. --- immediate democracy. --- impartiality. --- independent authorities. --- independent commissions. --- indirect democracy. --- informal relations. --- interactive democracy. --- judicial power. --- judicial powers. --- legitimacy. --- majority rule. --- modern individualistic states. --- multiplication. --- new democratic institutions. --- numerical unanimity. --- oversight function. --- participatory democracy. --- particularity. --- pluralization. --- political community. --- political investment. --- political leaders. --- political legitimacy. --- political obligation. --- political representatives. --- presence. --- proximity. --- rational administration. --- reflexive democracy. --- reflexivity. --- regulatory function. --- representation. --- social existence. --- social expectations. --- social gaze. --- substantive unanimity. --- unanimity. --- unelected judges. --- unpolitical democracy.

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On 17 July 1791 the revolutionary National Guard of Paris opened fire on a crowd of protesters: citizens believing themselves patriots trying to save France from the reinstatement of a traitor king. To the National Guard and their political superiors the protesters were the dregs of the people, brigands paid by counter-revolutionary aristocrats. Politicians and journalists declared the National Guard the patriots, and their action a heroic defence of the fledgling Constitution. Under the Jacobin Republic of 1793, however, this 'massacre' was regarded as a high crime, a moment of truth in which a corrupt elite exposed its treasonable designs. This detailed study of the events of July 1791 and their antecedents seeks to understand how Parisians of different classes understood 'patriotism', and how it was that their different answers drove them to confront each other on the Champ de Mars. DAVID ANDRESS is senior lecturer in Modern European History, University of Portsmouth.

France --- History --- Atrocities --- Histoire --- Atrocités --- Louis --- Bailly, Jean Sylvain, --- Flight to Varennes, 1791. --- Death and burial. --- Atrocities. --- Lodewijk --- Bro-C'hall --- Fa-kuo --- Fa-lan-hsi --- Faguo --- Falanxi --- Falanxi Gongheguo --- Faransā --- Farānsah --- França --- Francia (Republic) --- Francija --- Francja --- Francland --- Francuska --- Franis --- Franḳraykh --- Frankreich --- Frankrig --- Frankrijk --- Frankrike --- Frankryk --- Fransa --- Fransa Respublikası --- Franse --- Franse Republiek --- Frant︠s︡ --- Frant︠s︡ Uls --- Frant︠s︡ii︠a︡ --- Frantsuzskai︠a︡ Rėspublika --- Frantsyi︠a︡ --- Franza --- French Republic --- Frencisc Cynewīse --- Frenska republika --- Furansu --- Furansu Kyōwakoku --- Gallia --- Gallia (Republic) --- Gallikē Dēmokratia --- Hyãsia --- Parancis --- Peurancih --- Phransiya --- Pransiya --- Pransya --- Prantsusmaa --- Pʻŭrangsŭ --- Ranska --- República Francesa --- Republica Franzesa --- Republika Francuska --- Republiḳah ha-Tsarfatit --- Republikang Pranses --- République française --- Tsarfat --- Tsorfat --- Γαλλική Δημοκρατία --- Γαλλία --- Франц --- Франц Улс --- Французская Рэспубліка --- Францыя --- Франция --- Френска република --- פראנקרייך --- צרפת --- רפובליקה הצרפתית --- فرانسه --- فرنسا --- フランス --- フランス共和国 --- 法国 --- 法蘭西 --- 法蘭西共和國 --- 프랑스 --- France (Provisional government, 1944-1946) --- HISTORY / Europe / France. --- Champ de Mars. --- Corruption. --- Counter-Revolutionary Aristocrats. --- Jacobin Republic. --- Massacre. --- National Guard. --- Parisians. --- Patriotism. --- Political Unanimity. --- Treason.

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In recent years serious attempts have been made to systematize and develop the moral and political themes of great philosophers of the past. Kant, Locke, Marx, and the classical utilitarians all have their current defenders and arc taken seriously as expositors of sound moral and political views. It is the aim of this book to introduce Hobbes into this select group by presenting a plausible moral and political theory inspired by Leviathan. Using the techniques of analytic philosophy and elementary game theory, the author develops a Hobbesian argument that justifies the liberal State and reconciles the rights and interests of rational individuals with their obligations.Hobbes's case against anarchy, based on his notorious claim that life outside the political State would be a "war of all against all," is analyzed in detail, while his endorsement of the absolutist State is traced to certain false hypotheses about political sociology. With these eliminated, Hobbes's principles support a liberal redistributive (or "satisfactory") State and a limited right of revolution. Turning to normative issues, the book explains Hobbes's account of morality based on enlightened self-interest and shows how the Hobbesian version of social contract theory justifies the political obligations of citizens of satisfactory States.

Hobbes, Thomas --- Contributions in political science --- Ethics --- -Hobbes, Thomas --- -Contributions in political science --- Hobbes, Thomas, --- PHILOSOPHY / Political --- Philosophie politique. --- Science politique. --- Teoria politica. --- Filosofia moderna. --- Hobbes, thomas. --- Ethiek. --- Politieke filosofie. --- Pensee politique et sociale. --- Political science. --- Leviathan (Hobbes, Thomas) --- Brennan, Geoffry. --- Buchanan, James. --- Egoism. --- Frankena, William. --- Hoffman, Martin. --- Marx, Karl. --- Plato. --- absolutism. --- altruism. --- argument against anarchy. --- authorization. --- beliefs, higher-order. --- civil war. --- common knowledge. --- commonwealth. --- consequentialism. --- contracts. --- covenants. --- defense groups. --- dominators. --- empirical assumptions. --- enforcement of agreements. --- facts and values. --- fairness. --- freedom of expression. --- future generations. --- geometric method. --- good and evil. --- gratitude. --- group selection. --- guaranteed economic minimum. --- human nature. --- ideals. --- incentives to work. --- independents. --- internal attitude. --- kin selection. --- libertarianism. --- might makes right. --- mutual expectations. --- oppressed minorities. --- peace. --- practical rationality. --- public goods. --- redistribution. --- reputation. --- right reason. --- scarcity of resources. --- selfishness. --- speech acts. --- tacit will. --- unanimity. --- Hobbes's Leviathan (Hobbes, Thomas) --- Hobbes, Thomas, - 1588-1679 - Contributions in political science --- Hobbes, Thomas, - 1588-1679 - Ethics --- Hobbes, Thomas, - 1588-1679 --- Contribution à la science politique --- Politique --- Politique, Science --- Politologie --- Sciences politiques --- Statologie --- Aspect politique --- Bible et politique --- Épistémologie de la science politique --- État --- Femmes et politique --- Philosophie politique --- Politique et culture --- Politique et gouvernement --- Politologues --- Administration publique --- Allégeance --- Communication en politique --- Contrat social --- Crises politiques --- Décision politique --- Décolonialité --- Délégation des pouvoirs (science politique) --- Développement politique --- Dimension des communes --- Dimension des États --- Alternance politique --- Droite (science politique) --- Espace politique --- Espace public (science politique) --- Factions politiques --- Gauche (science politique) --- Géographie politique --- Géopolitique --- Gérontocratie --- Gouvernement (science politique) --- Hégémonie --- Anthropologie politique --- Idées politiques --- Institutions politiques --- Intérêt général --- Justice --- Obligation politique --- Opinion publique --- Opposition (science politique) --- Partis politiques --- Populisme --- Postcolonialisme --- Assimilation politique --- Pouvoir (sciences sociales) --- Pratiques politiques --- Psychologie politique --- Réaction (science politique) --- Régimes politiques --- Relations gouvernement central-collectivités locales --- Relations internationales --- Religion et politique --- Représentation politique --- Résistance politique --- Autonomie --- Restaurations (politique) --- Science politique --- Séparation des pouvoirs --- Société civile --- Sociologie politique --- Souveraineté --- Symbolisme en politique --- Système électoral --- Techniques de décision en politique --- Biopolitique --- Violence politique --- Volonté générale --- Centre (science politique) --- Citoyenneté --- Clivages (science politique) --- Sciences sociales --- Contribution à la philosophie politique --- Philosophie de la politique --- Philosophie et politique --- Politique et philosophie --- Droit --- Philosophie sociale --- Aliénation (philosophie) --- Autorité --- Émancipation --- Guerre --- Humanitarisme --- Idéologie --- Individualisme --- Institution (philosophie) --- Justice (philosophie) --- Libéralisme (philosophie) --- Liberté --- Bon sauvage (philosophie) --- Morale politique --- Obéissance --- Ochlocratie --- Philosophie de la paix --- Philosophes-rois --- Pouvoir (philosophie) --- Révolte --- Révolutions --- Sociocratie --- Solidarisme --- Communautarisme --- Théorie du care --- Tolérance --- Totalitarisme --- Tradition (philosophie) --- Universalisme (philosophie) --- Utopies --- Communauté --- Concorde --- Convivialisme --- Domination --- Égalité --- Philosophie --- Études comparatives --- Méthode comparative