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Le mésothéliome pleural malin (MPM) est un cancer aggressif et rare qui infecte les cellules mésothéliales de la plèvre. Son développement est fortement associé à une exposition à l'amiante. Les principaux traitements sont la chirurgie, la chimiothérapie, l'immunothérapie et la radiothérapie, bien qu'aucun d'eux ne soit curatif. Les éosinophiles sont des leucocytes multifonctionnels de la famille des granulocytes. Ils sont connus pour leurs fonctions d'homéostasie, de régulation immune et de défense parasitaire. De plus, il a été démontré que les éosinophiles joue un rôle, soit pro-tumorigène soit anti-tumorigène, dans les cancers. Concernant le mésothéliome, des études ont suggéré qu'une forte présence d'éosinophiles dans des tumeurs ou dans le sang de patients atteints du MPM était associé à un mauvais pronostic. De plus, une étude menée au laboratoire a montré que les éosinophiles réduisent la réponse à la chimiothérapie des cellules du MPM cultivées en couche. L'objectif principal de ce travail est d'étudier l'effet des éosinophiles sur la réponse à à la chimiothérapie (cisplatin and pemetrexed) dans des modèles tridimensionnels de cellules MPM. Les résultats montrent que l'arrêt du cycle cellulaire et l'apoptose qui surviennent pendant la chimiothérapie sont réduits en présence du surnageant d'éosinophiles. Cet effet est moins fort en sphéroïdes comparé à la culture en monocouche et a lieu uniquement quand le surnageant d'éosinophiles est ajouté 48 heures avant le traitement. Ce travail démontre que le surnageant d'éosinophiles induit une résistance à la chimiothérapie de la part des cellules MPM en couche et en sphéroïdes. De plus, le surnageant d'éosinophiles intéragit directement avec les cellules de MPM, ce qui suggère qu'une mutation génomique permet aux cellules de MPM de mieux résister à la chimiothérapie. Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare and aggressive cancer that affects mesothelial cells of the pleura. Its development is strongly associated with asbestos exposure. The main treatments include surgery, chemotherapy, immunotherapy and radiotherapy, although none of them is curative. Eosinophils are multifunctional leukocytes belonging to granulocytes. They are known for their multiple functions such as tissue homeostasis, immune regulation, and defence against parasitic infections. Moreover, it has been demonstrated that eosinophils play a role in cancer, either pro-tumorigenic or anti-tumorigenic. Concerning mesothelioma, studies reported that the strong presence of eosinophils in tumours or in blood from MPM patients is associated with poor prognosis. Besides, a study conducted in the laboratory showed that eosinophils reduced the chemotherapy response from MPM cells in monolayer.
The main goal of this work is to study the effect of eosinophils on chemotherapy (cisplatin and pemetrexed) response in tridimensional models of MPM cells. Results show the cell cycle arrest and apoptosis occurring during chemotherapy is reduced in presence of eosinophil supernatant. This effect is lower in spheroids than in monolayer and occurs only when eosinophil supernatant is added 48 hours before the treatment. 
This work demonstrates that eosinophil supernatant induces a chemotherapy resistance from MPM cells in monolayer and in spheroids. Furthermore, the eosinophil supernatant interact directly with MPM cells which suggest a genomic mutation that allows MPM cells to resist better against chemotherapy.

eosinophils, mesothelioma, spheroids, chemotherapy --- Sciences de la santé humaine > Immunologie & maladie infectieuse --- Sciences du vivant > Biochimie, biophysique & biologie moléculaire --- Sciences de la santé humaine > Oncologie

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Advances in Nanomaterials in Biomedicine” provided a platform for more than 110 researchers from different countries to present their latest investigations in various fields of nanotechnology, new methods and nanomaterials intended for medical applications. Modern achievements in the field of nanoparticle-based diagnostics, drug delivery and the use of various nanomaterials in the treatment of diseases are presented in 11 original articles. The published reviews provide a comprehensive analysis of the current information on the use of nanomedicine in the treatment and diagnosis of cancer and liver fibrosis, in the field of solid tissue engineering and in drug delivery systems.

Medicine --- bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells --- rAAV vectors --- carbon dots --- SOX9 --- TGF-β --- cartilage repair --- silver nanoparticles --- Entada spiralis --- Ceiba pentandra --- antibacterial assay --- catalytic dye reduction --- osteoarthritis --- human articular cartilage --- polymeric micelles --- pro-inflammatory cytokines --- IL-1β --- TNF-α --- nanomaterials --- nanomedicine --- immunotherapy --- oncotherapy --- immune-checkpoint inhibitors --- immunogenic cell death --- nano-vaccines --- nano-conjugates --- immune response --- oxidative stress --- antioxidants --- nanoparticles --- biological nano-antioxidants --- gold nanoparticles --- radiation --- chemotherapy --- radiosensitizer --- drug delivery system --- chemoradiotherapy --- magnetoliposomes --- hydrogels --- magnetolipogels --- self-assembly --- fluorescence --- Förster resonance energy transfer --- polypropylenimine dendrimers --- polyethylenimines --- tyrosine-modified polypropylene-imines --- tyrosine-modified polyethlyenimines --- PPI-Y --- siRNA transfection --- polymeric nanoparticles --- carbosilane --- dendron --- triazine --- amphiphile --- vesicles --- pH-sensitive --- doxorubicin --- methotrexate --- leukaemia --- molecular ultrasound --- nanobubbles --- active targeting --- targeted microbubbles --- angiogenesis --- inflammation --- thrombosis --- clinical translation --- molecular imaging --- liver fibrosis --- diagnosis --- therapy --- theranostics --- targeted drug delivery --- lipid conjugates --- amphiphilic oligonucleotides --- phosphoryl guanidines --- nucleic acid delivery --- leukemia --- iron nanoparticles --- RNA-Seq --- cytotoxicity --- polymers --- biodegradable --- drug delivery --- pharmaceutical --- SQUID --- magnetic properties --- iron content --- magnetite nanoparticles --- superoxide --- aorta --- heart --- nano-biomaterials --- nanotechnology --- scaffolds --- hard tissue engineering --- AuNPs --- AuPEI-NPs --- AuBSA-NPs --- electron microscopy --- ultrastructure of HepG2 cells and spheroids --- ultrastructure of HEK293 cells and spheroids --- penetration of NPs into monolayer and spheroids --- gold nanostars --- photothermal therapy --- photoacoustic imaging --- computed tomography --- cancer --- theranostic agents --- biocompatible nanomaterials --- diagnostics --- nanocarriers --- tissue engineering

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This Special Issue presents studies on the genotoxicity of nanomaterials. Although nanomaterials provide multiple benefits in a wide range of applications, challenges remain in addressing strong concerns about their risks to the environment and human health. As a result of inconsistencies among published results and diverging conclusions, the understanding of nanomaterial exposure and toxicity remains unclear. Determining whether these materials cause DNA damage—the first step in carcinogenesis—must be a priority in testing. In this book, readers will find recent publications on the genotoxic response to a broad range of nanomaterials, the impact of physico-chemical characteristics, safe-by-design and new developed tools.

Humanities --- Social interaction --- graphene oxide --- reduced graphene oxide --- micronucleus --- oxidative stress --- safer-by-design --- tungsten --- nanoparticles --- tritiated particles --- in vitro testing --- cytotoxicity --- micronuclei formation --- DNA damage --- epigenetics --- DNA methylation --- BEAS-2B cells. --- polystyrene nanoparticles --- nanoplastics --- genotoxicity --- Hs27 human fibroblasts --- comet assay --- FPG enzyme --- TiO2NP --- SiO2NP --- ZnONP --- CeO2NP --- AgNP --- multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) --- titanium dioxide nanoparticles --- lincomycin --- human amniotic cells --- in vitro genotoxicity --- apoptosis --- nanotoxicology --- metal oxides --- high throughput screening --- micronucleus assay --- nanomaterial --- aluminum --- oral route --- gut --- liver --- V79 cells --- Hprt --- advanced in vitro model --- hepatotoxicity --- liver spheroids --- 3D culture --- HepG2 --- nongenotoxic silver nanoparticles --- genotoxic --- cytotoxic --- antioxidant activity --- silver ions --- Allium cepa --- metal/coating agent ratio --- n/a

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This Special Issue presents studies on the genotoxicity of nanomaterials. Although nanomaterials provide multiple benefits in a wide range of applications, challenges remain in addressing strong concerns about their risks to the environment and human health. As a result of inconsistencies among published results and diverging conclusions, the understanding of nanomaterial exposure and toxicity remains unclear. Determining whether these materials cause DNA damage—the first step in carcinogenesis—must be a priority in testing. In this book, readers will find recent publications on the genotoxic response to a broad range of nanomaterials, the impact of physico-chemical characteristics, safe-by-design and new developed tools.

Humanities --- Social interaction --- graphene oxide --- reduced graphene oxide --- micronucleus --- oxidative stress --- safer-by-design --- tungsten --- nanoparticles --- tritiated particles --- in vitro testing --- cytotoxicity --- micronuclei formation --- DNA damage --- epigenetics --- DNA methylation --- BEAS-2B cells. --- polystyrene nanoparticles --- nanoplastics --- genotoxicity --- Hs27 human fibroblasts --- comet assay --- FPG enzyme --- TiO2NP --- SiO2NP --- ZnONP --- CeO2NP --- AgNP --- multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) --- titanium dioxide nanoparticles --- lincomycin --- human amniotic cells --- in vitro genotoxicity --- apoptosis --- nanotoxicology --- metal oxides --- high throughput screening --- micronucleus assay --- nanomaterial --- aluminum --- oral route --- gut --- liver --- V79 cells --- Hprt --- advanced in vitro model --- hepatotoxicity --- liver spheroids --- 3D culture --- HepG2 --- nongenotoxic silver nanoparticles --- genotoxic --- cytotoxic --- antioxidant activity --- silver ions --- Allium cepa --- metal/coating agent ratio

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In the last decade, research on cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) has significantly advanced our understanding of the effect of CAP on cancer cells and their potential for cancer treatment. This effect is due to the reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) created by plasma. This has been demonstrated for different cancer cell lines and the first clinical trials showed promising results. In addition, plasma could be combined with other treatments—such as immunotherapy—to boost its anticancer activity. The addition of new research tools to study the response of cancer cells to CAP—such as 3D in vitro, in ovo, and in vivo models and in silico approaches—as well as the use of -OMICS technologies could aid in unravelling the underlying mechanisms of CAP in cancer treatment. In order to progress towards widespread clinical application of CAP, an integrated study of the multidimensional effect of CAP in cancer treatment is essential. In this book, reviews and original research papers are published that provide new insights into the mechanisms of cold atmospheric plasma in cancer treatment, based on in vitro and in vivo experiments, clinical studies, as well as computer modeling.

Medicine --- cell adhesion --- plasma medicine --- oncology --- cold atmospheric plasma --- selectivity --- plasma-treated liquid --- dielectric barrier discharge --- pancreatic cancer --- pancreatic stellate cells --- immunogenic cell death --- dendritic cells --- cell communication --- extracellular matrix (ECM) --- reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS) --- tumour microenvironment (TME) --- extracellular vesicles --- communication junctions --- three-dimensional in vitro culture models --- apoptosis --- breast cancer --- genome-wide expression --- reactive oxygen species --- anticancer drugs --- screening --- tumor spheroids --- combination therapy --- kINPen --- reactive oxygen and nitrogen species --- ROS --- cancer --- non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma (NTP) --- indirect treatment --- plasma-treated phosphate-buffered saline --- electroporation --- electric pulses --- pulsed electric field amplitude --- melanoma --- long-lived reactive species --- bone cancer --- osteosarcoma --- reactive species --- plasma-activated liquid --- Ringer's saline --- organotypic model --- nonthermal biocompatible plasma --- soft jet plasma --- human glioblastoma --- p38/MAPK pathway --- tissue penetration --- non-thermal plasma --- non-invasive plasma treatment (NIPP) --- cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) --- Raman imaging --- Raman microspectroscopy --- Plasma lipid interactions --- cold physical plasma --- radiation therapy --- radio-frequency discharge --- PARP-inhibitor --- olaparib --- DNA-damage --- gold quantum dots --- plasma --- nanomaterials --- cellular uptake --- invasiveness --- cold atmospheric pressure plasma --- plasma-activated Ringer's lactate solution --- ovarian cancer --- cytotoxicity --- plasma-activated liquids --- multicellular tumor spheroids --- long-lived reactive oxygen and nitrogen species --- high frequency electrosurgery --- plasma treatment --- cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) --- free radicals --- cancer selectivity --- cervical cancer treatment --- cervical intraepithelial neoplasia --- cholangiocarcinoma --- cold plasma --- innovative therapy --- tumor cells --- macrophages --- plasma selectivity --- plasma jet