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Capitalism, in order to reproduce itself, must allocate more and more resources to the enhancement of the wealth already produced, rather than to increasing productive investments. The strategies for absorbing the surplus range from the reduction of supply to the creation of waste, from public spending to financialization. With the prevalence of these strategies, capitalism renounces to the maximum possible economic expansion in favour of its maximum expansion on society. It is a change that has consequences for environmental issues. The model of pure capitalism, in which the entire surplus is directed towards growth, is ecologically unsustainable. In today's historical capitalism, the goal of economic growth remains important, but it falls within that of increasing social power. Whether this is good or bad news for our biosphere will be discussed in other Chapters. Here we analyze the novelty.

Economic surplus --- transnational capitalism --- managerial capitalism --- social power --- financialization --- economic growth

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A free ebook version of this title is available through Luminos, University of California Press's open access publishing program for monographs. Visit www.luminosoa.org to learn more. Who are the dominant owners of U.S. public debt? Is it widely held, or concentrated in the hands of a few? Does ownership of public debt give these bondholders power over our government? What do we make of the fact that foreign-owned debt has ballooned to nearly 50 percent today? Until now, we have not had any satisfactory answers to these questions. Public Debt, Inequality, and Power is the first comprehensive historical analysis of public debt ownership in the United States. It reveals that ownership of federal bonds has been increasingly concentrated in the hands of the 1 percent over the last three decades. Based on extensive and original research, Public Debt, Inequality, and Power will shock and enlighten.

Debts, Public --- Government securities --- 21st century america. --- american economy. --- american government. --- american history. --- bondholders. --- capitalism. --- concentrated wealth. --- debt. --- economic history. --- economic inequality. --- economic power. --- foreign owned debt. --- global politics. --- government and governing. --- inequality. --- ownership structure. --- political debate. --- politics. --- public debt ownership. --- public debt. --- public finance. --- social inequality. --- social power. --- top one percent. --- united states of america. --- united states treasury. --- us public debt.

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In this rich study of noise in American film-going culture, Meredith C. Ward shows how aurality can reveal important fissures in American motion picture history, enabling certain types of listening cultures to form across time. Connecting this history of noise in the cinema to a greater sonic culture, Static in the System shows how cinema sound was networked into a broader constellation of factors that affected social power, gender, sexuality, class, the built environment, and industry, and how these factors in turn came to fruition in cinema's soundscape. Focusing on theories of power as they manifest in noise, the history of noise in electro-acoustics with the coming of film sound, architectural acoustics as they were manipulated in cinema theaters, and the role of the urban environment in affecting mobile listening and the avoidance of noise, Ward analyzes the powerful relationship between aural cultural history and cinema's sound theory, proving that noise can become a powerful historiographic tool for the film historian.

Motion picture audiences --- Motion picture theaters --- Noise. --- america. --- american culture. --- architectural acoustics. --- aural cultural history. --- avoidance of noise. --- built environment. --- cinema theatres. --- cinema. --- class. --- electro acoustics. --- film going culture. --- film sound. --- gender. --- history of noise. --- industry. --- listening cultures. --- mobile listening. --- motion picture history. --- movies. --- noise manifestations. --- sexuality. --- social power. --- sonic culture. --- sound theory. --- soundscape. --- theories of power. --- urban environment.

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Power (Psychology) --- Psychology, Social. --- Social Dominance. --- 316.46 --- 316.6 --- Dominance (Psychology) --- Power (Social sciences) --- Social psychology --- Mass psychology --- Psychology, Social --- Human ecology --- Psychology --- Social groups --- Sociology --- Empowerment (Social sciences) --- Political power --- Exchange theory (Sociology) --- Political science --- Social sciences --- Consensus (Social sciences) --- Social hierarchy (Psychology) --- Control (Psychology) --- Dominance Hierarchy --- Dominance, Social --- Dominance Hierarchies --- Hierarchy, Dominance --- Social Psychology --- Psychologies, Social --- Social Psychologies --- Empowerment --- Power --- Power, Personal --- Power, Professional --- Power, Social --- Personal Power --- Powers (Psychology) --- Professional Power --- Social Power --- Gezag. Leiderschap. Macht --- Gedragstheorie. Sociaal gedrag. Sociale psychologie --(gedrag en zelfconcept van het individu in de groep z.o. {159.923.33}) --- 316.6 Gedragstheorie. Sociaal gedrag. Sociale psychologie --(gedrag en zelfconcept van het individu in de groep z.o. {159.923.33}) --- 316.46 Gezag. Leiderschap. Macht --- Social Dominance --- Psychology, Perceptual --- Perceptual Psychology --- Powers, Psychological --- Psychological Power --- Psychological Powers

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Established in 221 BCE, the Chinese empire lasted for 2,132 years before being replaced by the Republic of China in 1912. During its two millennia, the empire endured internal wars, foreign incursions, alien occupations, and devastating rebellions--yet fundamental institutional, sociopolitical, and cultural features of the empire remained intact. The Everlasting Empire traces the roots of the Chinese empire's exceptional longevity and unparalleled political durability, and shows how lessons from the imperial past are relevant for China today. Yuri Pines demonstrates that the empire survived and adjusted to a variety of domestic and external challenges through a peculiar combination of rigid ideological premises and their flexible implementation. The empire's major political actors and neighbors shared its fundamental ideological principles, such as unity under a single monarch--hence, even the empire's strongest domestic and foreign foes adopted the system of imperial rule. Yet details of this rule were constantly negotiated and adjusted. Pines shows how deep tensions between political actors including the emperor, the literati, local elites, and rebellious commoners actually enabled the empire's basic institutional framework to remain critically vital and adaptable to ever-changing sociopolitical circumstances. As contemporary China moves toward a new period of prosperity and power in the twenty-first century, Pines argues that the legacy of the empire may become an increasingly important force in shaping the nation's future trajectory.

Political culture --- Political science --- Imperialism --- Ideology --- History --- Philosophy --- China --- Politics and government --- History. --- Politics and government. --- S06/0200 --- China: Politics and government--Government and political institutions: general and before 1911 --- Colonialism --- Empires --- Expansion (United States politics) --- Neocolonialism --- Administration --- Civil government --- Commonwealth, The --- Government --- Political theory --- Political thought --- Politics --- Science, Political --- Knowledge, Theory of --- Psychology --- Thought and thinking --- Anti-imperialist movements --- Caesarism --- Chauvinism and jingoism --- Militarism --- Social sciences --- State, The --- Philosophy&delete& --- All-under-Heaven. --- Chinese emperor. --- Chinese emperorship. --- Chinese empire. --- Chinese history. --- Chinese imperial experience. --- Chinese intellectuals. --- Chinese political culture. --- Chinese political system. --- Republic of China. --- administrative power. --- balances. --- bureaucracy. --- checks. --- commoners. --- contemporary China. --- cultural foundations. --- depersonalization. --- educated elite. --- flawed morality. --- fragmentation. --- government apparatus. --- historical changes. --- imperial history. --- imperial ideology. --- imperial political culture. --- imperial political structure. --- imperial unification. --- institution. --- intellectual elitism. --- large-scale uprisings. --- local elites. --- modern China. --- modernity. --- monarch. --- monarchism. --- monarchy. --- omnipotent. --- political actors. --- political durability. --- political dynamics. --- political unity. --- popular uprisings. --- power. --- prosperity. --- rebellion. --- scholar-officials. --- shi. --- social power. --- stateХlite interactions. --- tianxia. --- unified empire. --- unity. --- voluntary attachment. --- Political culture - China - History --- Political science - China - Philosophy - History --- Imperialism - China - History --- Ideology - China - History --- China - Politics and government