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Stomata, the tiny pores on leaf surface, are the gateways for CO2 uptake during photosynthesis as well as water loss in transpiration. Further, plants use stomatal closure as a defensive response, often triggered by elicitors, to prevent the entry of pathogens. The guard cells are popular model systems to study the signalling mechanism in plant cells. The messengers that mediate closure upon perception of elicitors or microbe associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) are quite similar to those during ABA effects. These components include reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), cytosolic pH and intracellular Ca2+. The main components are ROS, NO and cytosolic free Ca2+. The list extends to others, such as G-proteins, protein phosphatases, protein kinases, phospholipids and ion channels. The sequence of these signalling components and their interaction during stomatal signalling are complex and quite interesting. The present e-Book provides a set of authoritative articles from ‘Special Research Topic’ on selected areas of stomatal guard cells. In the first set of two articles, an overview of ABA and MAMPs as signals is presented. The next set of 4 articles, emphasize the role of ROS, NO, Ca2+ as well as pH, as secondary messengers. The next group of 3 articles highlight the recent advances on post-translational modification of guard cell proteins, with emphasis on 14-3-3 proteins and MAPK cascades. The last article described the method to isolate epidermis of grass species and monitor stomatal responses to different signals. Our e-Book is a valuable and excellent source of information for all those interested in guard cell function as well as signal transduction in plant cells.

ABA --- Methyl Jasmonate --- Reactive Oxygen Species --- innate immunity --- Proteomics --- Epidermis --- Nitric Oxide --- Protein phosphorylation --- secondary messengers --- elicitors

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Stomata, the tiny pores on leaf surface, are the gateways for CO2 uptake during photosynthesis as well as water loss in transpiration. Further, plants use stomatal closure as a defensive response, often triggered by elicitors, to prevent the entry of pathogens. The guard cells are popular model systems to study the signalling mechanism in plant cells. The messengers that mediate closure upon perception of elicitors or microbe associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) are quite similar to those during ABA effects. These components include reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), cytosolic pH and intracellular Ca2+. The main components are ROS, NO and cytosolic free Ca2+. The list extends to others, such as G-proteins, protein phosphatases, protein kinases, phospholipids and ion channels. The sequence of these signalling components and their interaction during stomatal signalling are complex and quite interesting. The present e-Book provides a set of authoritative articles from ‘Special Research Topic’ on selected areas of stomatal guard cells. In the first set of two articles, an overview of ABA and MAMPs as signals is presented. The next set of 4 articles, emphasize the role of ROS, NO, Ca2+ as well as pH, as secondary messengers. The next group of 3 articles highlight the recent advances on post-translational modification of guard cell proteins, with emphasis on 14-3-3 proteins and MAPK cascades. The last article described the method to isolate epidermis of grass species and monitor stomatal responses to different signals. Our e-Book is a valuable and excellent source of information for all those interested in guard cell function as well as signal transduction in plant cells.

ABA --- Methyl Jasmonate --- Reactive Oxygen Species --- innate immunity --- Proteomics --- Epidermis --- Nitric Oxide --- Protein phosphorylation --- secondary messengers --- elicitors

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In the past few years there has been the increased recognition that the effects of oxidative stress are not limited to the damage of cellular constituents. There is now evidence that reactive oxygen species (ROS) can alter cell function by acting upon the intermediates, or second messengers, in signal transductions. Such effects on signaling mechanisms probably account for the role of oxidative stress in inflammation, aging, and cancer. This volume brings together internationally recognized researchers in both the major areas covered by the book, oxidative stress and signal transduction. The work is organized in three sections. The first deals with the immediate cellular responses to oxidative stress and the production of second messengers. The second details the connection between second messengers and the gene. The third part looks more closely at the level of the gene.

Oxidative Stress. --- Signal Transduction. --- Second Messenger Systems. --- Gene Expression Regulation. --- Active oxygen in the body --- Stress (Physiology) --- Cellular signal transduction. --- Second messengers (Biochemistry) --- Genetic regulation. --- Oxygène actif dans l'organisme --- Stress --- Transduction du signal cellulaire --- Seconds messagers (Biochimie) --- Régulation génétique --- Oxidative stress --- Pathophysiology. --- Second messengers (Biochemistry). --- Oxygène actif dans l'organisme --- Régulation génétique --- Biochemistry. --- Pharmacology. --- Animal physiology. --- Biochemistry, general. --- Pharmacology/Toxicology. --- Animal Physiology. --- Animal physiology --- Animals --- Biology --- Anatomy --- Drug effects --- Medical pharmacology --- Medical sciences --- Chemicals --- Chemotherapy --- Drugs --- Pharmacy --- Biological chemistry --- Chemical composition of organisms --- Organisms --- Physiological chemistry --- Chemistry --- Physiology --- Physiological effect --- Composition --- Second messenger systems (Biochemistry) --- Secondary messengers (Biochemistry) --- Cellular signal transduction --- Gene expression --- Gene expression regulation --- Gene regulation --- Biosynthesis --- Cellular control mechanisms --- Molecular genetics --- Cellular information transduction --- Information transduction, Cellular --- Signal transduction, Cellular --- Bioenergetics --- Information theory in biology --- Oxidation-reduction reaction --- Regulation

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General biochemistry --- Cell receptors --- Cellular signal transduction --- Growth factors --- Neurotransmitters --- Paracrine mechanisms --- Peptide hormones --- Second messengers (Biochemistry) --- Cellular information transduction --- Information transduction, Cellular --- Signal transduction, Cellular --- Bioenergetics --- Cellular control mechanisms --- Information theory in biology --- Cell membrane receptors --- Cell surface receptors --- Receptors, Cell --- Binding sites (Biochemistry) --- Cell membranes --- Proteins --- Second messenger systems (Biochemistry) --- Secondary messengers (Biochemistry) --- Hormonal peptides --- Polypeptide hormones --- Hormones --- Peptides --- Functions, Paracrine --- Mechanisms, Paracrine --- Paracrine functions --- Endocrinology --- Chemical nerve transmitters --- Nerve transmitter substances --- Neural transmitters --- Neurohumors --- Neuroregulators --- Synaptic transmitters --- Transmitters, Chemical nerve --- Transmitters, Synaptic --- Neurochemistry --- Neural transmission --- Cell growth factors --- Cellular growth factors --- Growth peptides --- Growth promoting substances --- Growth substances --- Peptide growth factors --- Peptide regulatory factors --- Polypeptide growth factors --- Cytokines --- Cell receptors. --- Cellular signal transduction. --- Growth factors. --- Neurotransmitters. --- Paracrine mechanisms. --- Peptide hormones. --- Second messengers (Biochemistry). --- Cell Communication. --- Growth Substances --- Physiology. --- Physiology --- Cell interaction

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Cellular signal transduction --- Drugs --- Genetic translation --- Molecular chaperones --- Second messengers (Biochemistry) --- Transcription factors --- Signal Transduction --- Biological Therapy --- Translation, Genetic --- Design --- Protein Biosynthesis --- Protein Biosynthesis, Ribosomal --- Protein Synthesis, Ribosomal --- Ribosomal Peptide Biosynthesis --- mRNA Translation --- Genetic Translation --- Peptide Biosynthesis, Ribosomal --- Protein Translation --- Biosynthesis, Protein --- Biosynthesis, Ribosomal Peptide --- Biosynthesis, Ribosomal Protein --- Genetic Translations --- Ribosomal Protein Biosynthesis --- Ribosomal Protein Synthesis --- Synthesis, Ribosomal Protein --- Translation, Protein --- Translation, mRNA --- mRNA Translations --- Proteins --- Genetic Code --- Peptide Biosynthesis --- Codon, Initiator --- Codon, Terminator --- Biologic Therapy --- Biotherapy --- Therapy, Biological --- Biologic Therapies --- Biological Therapies --- Biotherapies --- Therapies, Biologic --- Therapies, Biological --- Therapy, Biologic --- Receptor Mediated Signal Transduction --- Signal Transduction Pathways --- Signal Transduction Systems --- Receptor-Mediated Signal Transduction --- Signal Pathways --- Pathway, Signal --- Pathway, Signal Transduction --- Pathways, Signal --- Pathways, Signal Transduction --- Receptor-Mediated Signal Transductions --- Signal Pathway --- Signal Transduction Pathway --- Signal Transduction System --- Signal Transduction, Receptor-Mediated --- Signal Transductions --- Signal Transductions, Receptor-Mediated --- System, Signal Transduction --- Systems, Signal Transduction --- Transduction, Signal --- Transductions, Signal --- Cell Communication --- Receptor-CD3 Complex, Antigen, T-Cell --- Receptor Cross-Talk --- Feedback, Physiological --- Gasotransmitters --- biosynthesis --- Genetic transcription factors --- Second messenger systems (Biochemistry) --- Secondary messengers (Biochemistry) --- Chaperone proteins --- Chaperones, Molecular --- Chaperonins --- Translation (Genetics) --- Genetic code --- Genetic regulation --- Cell Signaling