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The North Sea (NS) is a highly productive semi-enclosed shelf sea of the Atlantic Ocean
located in the northern Europe. The southern North Sea (SNS), which is shallow and very well
mixed, has long suffered from eutrophication problems. As a result, various policy measures have been taken by the NS surrounding countries (OSPAR Convention) with the aim of achieving good environmental status (GES) of the NS by 2020. The use of satellite remote sensing is a coherent method of data acquisition and provides information with generally much greater spatial and temporal coverage than in-situ data, which provide very localized information in space and time.
Satellite remote sensing therefore offers an effective method to address long-term changes at
the scale of an entire basin, such as the SNS. The main aim of this master thesis was to use
high-level satellite gap-free products to assess the evolution of the eutrophication status and the
phytoplankton dynamics of SNS over a period from 1998 to 2017. Our analyses showed a strong gradient of chlorophyll (CHL, a proxy for phytoplankton biomass) from coastal areas (higher CHL) to offshore areas (lower CHL). At the scale of the SNS domain, CHL increased between 1998 - 2004, stagnated thereafter, until 2014, when it started to decrease, probably as a consequence of the reduction of river-bone nutrient inputs. Our analyses also showed that the suspended particular matter (SPM) increased over the period by 0.042 mg/L.year. In addition, sea surface temperature (SST) also increased by 0.021°C/year in the SNS, which is positively correlated to the North Atlantic Oscillation over our period. Another convincing result is that we observed a phenological shift of about 1 month in the onset date of phytoplankton blooms. While it is difficult to identify a factor responsible for the observed phenological shift, it has been observed that the climate regime of the SNS changed during late 1990s. We therefore assume that this phenological shift is due to a change in planktonic communities associated with the rise in temperature as well as the de-eutrophication trend occurring in the SNS, which could have favored the emergence of winter diatom blooms.

Eutrophication --- Satellite remote sensing --- North Sea --- Southern North Sea --- Phytoplankton --- Sciences du vivant > Sciences aquatiques & océanologie --- Sciences du vivant > Sciences de l'environnement & écologie

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This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact

Science: general issues --- Physical geography & topography --- Paroxysmal explosive activity --- Eruption dynamics and parameters --- Volcano deformation and strain --- Volcano degassing --- thermal remote sensing --- doppler radar --- Lava fountains --- Volcanic aerosol --- satellite remote sensing --- HAZARD ASSESSMENT

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This book is a compilation of six papers that provide some valuable information about mapping and monitoring forest cover using remotely sensed imagery. Examples include mapping large areas of forest, evaluating forest change over time, combining remotely sensed imagery with ground inventory information, and mapping forest characteristics from very high spatial resolution data. Together, these results demonstrate effective techniques for effectively learning more about our very important forest resources.

Research & information: general --- unmanned aerial systems --- canopy height model --- individual tree crown --- segmentation --- forest cover map --- national forest inventory --- aerial images --- Sentinel-2 --- multisensory approach --- forest monitoring --- remote sensing --- forest sampling --- inventory efficiency --- Forest Inventory and Analysis --- forest change --- degradation --- regeneration --- geospatial-temporal analysis --- trend --- Juniperus --- above-ground biomass --- land-use --- allometric equation --- satellite remote sensing --- land cover classification --- NDVI --- vegetation --- Savitzky-Golay filtering --- spatial and temporal analysis --- Ruoergai area

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Remotely sensed data from either air- or spaceborne platforms are often leveraged for archaeological or more general cultural heritage goals. However, despite the steady developments in remote sensing technology over the past three decades, the thoughtful integration of data sources and methods into theoretically aware archaeological practice remains relatively underdeveloped. This volume contains nine contributions which, each in their way, address different theoretical dislocations and practical shortcomings in the use of remote sensing products within archaeological practice. These contributions provide the reader with food for thought on these challenges, and so contribute to archaeological remote sensing as a more mature interdisciplinary field characterised by explicit, thoughtful, and theoretically engaged approaches to understanding the past.

relief mapping --- visualization --- blend modes --- digital elevation model --- airborne laser scanning --- lidar --- archaeological prospection --- deep learning --- citizen science --- The Netherlands --- archaeology --- arid environments --- satellite remote sensing --- lithological mapping --- lithic procurement --- chert sourcing --- Landsat 8 --- GIS --- ALS --- amplitude --- radiometric calibration --- reflectance --- Sicily --- transfer learning --- historic mining --- heritage management --- LiDAR --- hyperspectral data --- submerged areas --- cultural heritage monitoring --- anomaly detection --- MNF --- radiative transfer model --- Martin Heidegger --- technology --- mimesis --- remote sensing archaeology --- cultural context --- archaeological remote sensing --- satellite mission design --- satellite archaeology --- archaeological survey --- cropmarks --- empirical knowledge --- alluvial sediments --- geomorphological/pedological background --- soil spatial infrastructure --- statistical methods --- n/a

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Remote sensing data and techniques have been widely used for disaster monitoring and assessment. In particular, recent advances in sensor technologies and artificial intelligence-based modeling are very promising for disaster monitoring and readying responses aimed at reducing the damage caused by disasters. This book contains eleven scientific papers that have studied novel approaches applied to a range of natural disasters such as forest fire, urban land subsidence, flood, and tropical cyclones.

Research & information: general --- wildfire --- satellite vegetation indices --- live fuel moisture --- empirical model function --- Southern California --- chaparral ecosystem --- forest fire --- forest recovery --- satellite remote sensing --- vegetation index --- burn index --- gross primary production --- South Korea --- land subsidence --- PS-InSAR --- uneven settlement --- building construction --- Beijing urban area --- floodplain delineation --- inaccessible region --- machine learning --- flash flood --- risk --- LSSVM --- China --- Himawari-8 --- threshold-based algorithm --- remote sensing --- dryness monitoring --- soil moisture --- NIR-Red spectral space --- Landsat-8 --- MODIS --- Xinjiang province of China --- SDE --- PE --- groundwater level --- compressible sediment layer --- tropical cyclone formation --- WindSat --- disaster monitoring --- wireless sensor network --- debris flow --- anomaly detection --- deep learning --- accelerometer sensor --- total precipitable water --- Himawari-8 AHI --- random forest --- deep neural network --- XGBoost