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This Special Issue covers a broad range of topics related to the mineralogy of noble metals (Au, Ag, Pt, Pd, Rh, and Ru) and the occurrence, formation, and distribution of these elements in natural ore-forming systems. This collection of eleven research articles discusses various problems related to these topics. I hope this Special Issue will contribute to a better understanding of the genesis of gold, silver, and other noble metal deposits as well as the behavior of these elements in endogenic and supergene environments, and suggest ways forward to solving the problem of their full extraction from ores.

Southeast Guizhou --- n/a --- Nibao gold deposit --- arsenopyrite --- gold selenide --- mineralization age --- thermodynamic modeling --- S)-oxides --- Cu-Fe-Ni-S system --- chlorargyrite --- colloids --- Fe-Sb(Te --- pyrite --- mustard gold --- Mössbauer Effect --- platinum --- gold mineralization --- nanoparticles --- magnetite veins --- dyscrasite --- chloride complexes --- calaverite --- metalloid elements --- maletoyvayamite --- gold ore deposits --- ligand surroundings --- platinum-group elements --- fractional crystallization --- fluid regime --- native gold --- Southern Urals --- monolithic and porous gold --- Rb–Sr isotopic composition --- Gaching ore deposit --- antigorite serpentinites --- Fennoscandian Shield --- zircon U–Pb age --- Ag --- karst cavities --- gold sulfoselenide --- Yunnan–Guizhou–Guangxi “Golden Triangle” region --- As)-oxides --- distribution --- sulfide minerals --- Tl tellurates and antimonates --- gold ore field --- valleriite --- gold --- Tl oxides (avicennite) --- nucleation --- drop-shaped inclusions --- As --- structural and surficial modes --- Kolmozero–Voronya belt --- gold source --- S --- Au --- non-equal positions --- ore genesis --- XPS --- liquid intermediates --- crystal lattice --- Chaoyangzhai gold deposit --- Au-Sb(Te --- Kagan ultramafic massif --- deposition --- invisible species --- noble metals --- in situ sulfur isotopes --- Se --- “invisible” gold --- Oleninskoe deposit --- ore-forming fluid --- Tl carbonates

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The development of sustainable supplies of critical minerals and metals is required if society is to succeed in the decarbonisation of the global economy. While the discovery of critical metal deposits is urgent, of equal importance is understanding the life cycle of critical metals that are already in the economy. This book includes ten empirical studies on both the discovery and investigations of the life cycle of critical metals. A wide range of critical metals in the hydrothermal system, including Co, Ga, Ge, Re, REEs, In, Sb, Sn and W, were investigated by researchers from China, Australia, North America and Europe. These studies present an advanced understanding of the genesis of global critical metal resources, by utilising traditional and non-traditional analytical approaches. This book also promotes the green mining concept. Innovative technological development that allows extracting additional critical metals from current production and from historic mine wastes is reported. Academics and practitioners will find, in this book, very recent case studies of geochemistry, mineralogy, geometallurgy and the exploration of critical metals in various hydrothermal systems, as well as the major challenges and opportunities facing academic research and industrial mineral exploration.

REE precipitation --- thermodynamic modelling --- Bayan Obo REE-Nb-Fe deposit --- cobalt supply --- rhenium --- gold --- by-products --- pyrite processing --- geo-metallurgy --- porphyry-type mining --- green mining --- Re-Os dating --- fluid inclusions --- H-O isotope --- quartz-vein tungsten deposit --- eastern Central Asian Orogenic Belt --- pXRF --- antimony --- mineral exploration --- Vendean antimony district --- sphalerite --- trace elements --- Hilton Zn-Pb (Ag) --- sulphides --- Mount Isa --- critical metals --- hydrometallurgy --- leachate --- ICP-MS --- polymetallic sulphides --- granite --- copper --- mining waste --- waste rock --- recovery rate --- sustainability --- ore genesis --- fluid evolution --- REE enrichment --- carbonatite-related REE deposit --- Qianjiadian uranium deposit --- Songliao Basin --- mafic rocks --- tectonic inversion --- reducing barrier --- U mineralization --- LA-ICPMS --- Jiangnan tungsten ore belt --- Zhuxiling W (Mo) deposit --- reduced skarn --- Mn-rich garnet --- deep-sea sediment --- eastern South Pacific --- bioapatite --- hydrothermal fluids --- LA-(MC)-ICP-MS --- n/a