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Given that the threat of water shortage is expanding across the globe, the evolution of advanced technologies that enable water purification and, thus, water re-use in an energy and resource efficient manner are of great importance. In this regard, nanomaterials have been playing a crucial role and offering new opportunities for the construction of permeable and selective membranes and adsorbents. Such features are of paramount importance, particularly given the limited available energy resources. In this book, several recent studies are introduced that deal with water treatment via nanomaterial-based technologies. Such state-of-the-art technologies have employed nanomaterials that are made of polymer, composite, ceramic, and carbon, etc., and are shaped in various dimensionalities and forms such as particle (0D), fiber (1D), and film (2D–3D). The nanostructured membranes and adsorbents as well as photocatalytic nanosystems capable of active photodecomposition of organic pollutants, e.g., dyes, are the main focal points of discussion.

carbon --- nanofiber --- membrane --- urease --- biomolecules --- water treatment --- photocatalysis --- semi-passive --- anodization --- buoyant catalyst --- 2,4-D --- LED --- mesh --- biomass activated carbon --- methyl orange --- pulse electrodeposition --- zero valent iron nanoparticles --- nanocomposite fibers --- mineralization --- water remediation --- organic pollutants --- nanocatalysts --- nanomembranes --- nanosorbents --- nanomaterial applications --- waste water treatment --- nanomaterial challenges --- nanomaterials --- environmental risks --- selenium removal --- wastewater purification --- nanoadsorbents --- carbon magnetic iron oxide particles --- bench scale column extraction --- column kinetics --- nanomaterial --- adsorption --- nanohybrids --- ecotoxicology

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Given that the threat of water shortage is expanding across the globe, the evolution of advanced technologies that enable water purification and, thus, water re-use in an energy and resource efficient manner are of great importance. In this regard, nanomaterials have been playing a crucial role and offering new opportunities for the construction of permeable and selective membranes and adsorbents. Such features are of paramount importance, particularly given the limited available energy resources. In this book, several recent studies are introduced that deal with water treatment via nanomaterial-based technologies. Such state-of-the-art technologies have employed nanomaterials that are made of polymer, composite, ceramic, and carbon, etc., and are shaped in various dimensionalities and forms such as particle (0D), fiber (1D), and film (2D–3D). The nanostructured membranes and adsorbents as well as photocatalytic nanosystems capable of active photodecomposition of organic pollutants, e.g., dyes, are the main focal points of discussion.

History of engineering & technology --- carbon --- nanofiber --- membrane --- urease --- biomolecules --- water treatment --- photocatalysis --- semi-passive --- anodization --- buoyant catalyst --- 2,4-D --- LED --- mesh --- biomass activated carbon --- methyl orange --- pulse electrodeposition --- zero valent iron nanoparticles --- nanocomposite fibers --- mineralization --- water remediation --- organic pollutants --- nanocatalysts --- nanomembranes --- nanosorbents --- nanomaterial applications --- waste water treatment --- nanomaterial challenges --- nanomaterials --- environmental risks --- selenium removal --- wastewater purification --- nanoadsorbents --- carbon magnetic iron oxide particles --- bench scale column extraction --- column kinetics --- nanomaterial --- adsorption --- nanohybrids --- ecotoxicology

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This Special Issue is intended as a platform for interactive material science articles with an emphasis on the preparation, functionalization chemistry, and characterization of nanocarbon compounds, as well as all aspects of physical properties of functionalized, conjugated, or hybrid nanocarbon materials, and their associated applications. Some recent advances in the field are here collected, providing new ideas for discussion of researchers working in this multidisciplinary scenario.

Technology: general issues --- graphene oxide --- thermal conductivity --- vacancy defect --- omeprazole --- liquid chromatography --- tandem mass spectrometry --- saliva --- GO-Tabs --- Tri[60]fullerenyl stereoisomers --- cis-cup-form of 3D-stereoisomers --- tris(diphenylaminofluorene) --- 3D-configurated nanostructures --- intramolecular energy transfer for singlet oxygen production --- intramolecular electron transfer for superoxide radical production --- graphene-based materials --- nanoporous graphene --- epitaxial graphene --- molecular modeling --- filled carbon nanotubes --- lithium-ion batteries --- hybrid nanomaterials --- anode material --- carbon nanotube yarns --- carbon nanotube --- functionalization --- electrical conductivity --- annealing --- acid treatment --- carbon fibers --- surface treatment --- grafting --- graphene aerogel --- carbon nanostructures --- carbon nanohybrids --- cancer therapy --- multi-drug resistance

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In the landscape of the design of carbon nanomaterials, the fine-tuning of their functionalities and physico-chemical properties has increased their potential for therapeutic, diagnostic, and biosensing applications. In this editorial, we will provide a brief overview of the contents of this Special Issue. In particular, nanoplatforms originating from the synergistic combination of carbon-based nanomaterials (i.e., nanotubes, graphene, graphene oxide, carbon quantum dots, nanodiamond, etc.) with various functional molecules such as drugs, natural compounds, biomolecules, polymers, metal nanoparticles, and macrocycles that have useful applications in drug delivery, multi-targeted therapies, theranostic as well as scaffolds in tissue engineering, and as sensing materials have been selected for publication as Articles or Mini Reviews. The variety of applications covered by the nine articles published in this Special Issue of Nanomaterials are proof of the growing attention that the use of carbon nanomaterials in the biomedical/pharmaceutical field has received in recent years. We hope that readers find the contents of this Special Issue useful for their research, which is aimed to advance carbon nanomaterials from the laboratory to clinical nanomedicine.

Technology: general issues --- Chemical engineering --- graphene oxide --- covalent functionalization --- cortical membranes --- calcium phosphate deposition --- graphene/gold nanocomposite --- SERS --- Dopamine --- Rhodamine 6G --- nanodiamond --- tritium --- biodistribution --- Ewing sarcoma --- drug delivery --- siRNA --- nanomedicine --- porphyrin --- J-aggregates --- carbon nanotubes --- nanohybrids --- graphene --- liquid biopsy --- circulating tumor cells --- exosomes --- circulating nucleic acids --- COVID-19 --- pyrrole --- cancer --- doxorubicin --- drug delivery systems --- nanoparticles --- carbon dots --- platelet aggregation --- arterial thrombosis --- signaling molecules --- bleeding disorder --- cytotoxicity --- carbon nanomaterials --- camptothecin --- Caco-2 --- MCF-7 --- NanoHy-GPS --- antibacterial nanosystems --- one-pot microwave-assisted reaction --- silver nanoparticles --- polyvinyl alcohol

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Since their discovery, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have received tremendous attention due to their unique electrical, optical, physical, chemical, and mechanical properties. Remarkable advances have been made in the synthesis, purification, structural characterization, functionalization, and application of MWCNTs. Their particular characteristics make them well suited for a plethora of applications in a number of fields, namely nanoelectronics, nanofluids, energy management, (electro)catalysis, materials science, construction of (bio)sensors based on different detection schemes, multifunctional nanoprobes for biomedical imaging, and sorbents for sample preparation or removal of contaminants from wastewater. They are also useful as anti-bacterial agents, drug delivery nanocarriers, etc. The current relevant application areas are countless. This Special Issue presents original research and review articles that address advances, trends, challenges, and future perspectives regarding synthetic routes, structural features, properties, behaviors, and industrial or scientific applications of MWCNTs in established and emerging areas.

graphene oxide --- n/a --- Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube (MWCNT) --- elution --- gold nanoparticles --- MHD --- heck reaction --- drug delivery --- carbon-nanotubes --- water based nanofluid --- zeolitic imidazolate framework --- Ionic liquid --- electroanalysis --- curved stretching sheet --- multiwalled carbon nanotubes --- lubricating oil additives --- hydrophobic drugs --- agricultural irrigation water --- polarity --- cerium oxide --- adsorption --- electrical properties --- non-linear thermal radiation --- electrochemical properties --- nanomaterials --- radar absorbing materials --- chloride diffusion --- RAFT polymerization --- synthesis methods --- gold(III) --- mechanical properties --- dissolution rate --- carbon materials --- electrochemical sensors --- magnetic solid phase extraction --- silicone rubber --- Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube (SWCNT) --- Pd-CNT nanohybrids --- kinetics --- nonylphenol --- boundary layer --- Casson model --- sensing applications --- organochlorine pesticides --- composites --- multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) --- polymeric composites --- carbon nanotubes --- structural --- azide-alkyne click chemistry --- functionalized carbon nanotubes --- heat generation --- EMI shielding --- gold(I) --- cement mortars --- semi-homogeneous catalysis --- functionalized CNTs --- nanomedicine --- multi-walled carbon nanotubes --- numerical solution --- PMMA --- HAM --- complex permittivity --- thermal radiation --- stretching sheet