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Due to the increasing demand for security and reliability in manufacturing and mechatronic systems, early detection and diagnosis of faults are key points to reduce economic losses caused by unscheduled maintenance and downtimes, to increase safety, to prevent the endangerment of human beings involved in the process operations and to improve reliability and availability of autonomous systems. The development of algorithms for health monitoring and fault and anomaly detection, capable of the early detection, isolation, or even prediction of technical component malfunctioning, is becoming more and more crucial in this context. This Special Issue is devoted to new research efforts and results concerning recent advances and challenges in the application of “Algorithms for Fault Detection and Diagnosis”, articulated over a wide range of sectors. The aim is to provide a collection of some of the current state-of-the-art algorithms within this context, together with new advanced theoretical solutions.

structural health monitoring --- digital image processing --- damage --- gray level co-occurrence matrix --- self-organization map --- rolling bearings --- fault diagnosis --- multiscale entropy --- amplitude-aware permutation entropy --- random forest --- reusable launch vehicle --- thruster valve failure --- thruster fault detection --- Kalman filter --- machine vision --- machine diagnostics --- instantaneous angular speed --- SURVISHNO 2019 challenge --- video tachometer --- motion tracking --- edge detection --- parametric template modeling --- adaptive template matching --- genetic algorithm --- misalignment --- fault prediction --- combined prediction --- multivariate grey model --- quantum genetic algorithm --- least squares support vector machine --- lithium-ion battery --- battery faults --- battery safety --- battery management system --- fault diagnostic algorithms

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Complexity is a ubiquitous phenomenon in physiology that allows living systems to adapt to external perturbations. Fractal structures, self-organization, nonlinearity, interactions at different scales, and interconnections among systems through anatomical and functional networks, may originate complexity. Biomedical signals from physiological systems may carry information about the system complexity useful to identify physiological states, monitor health, and predict pathological events. Therefore, complexity analysis of biomedical signals is a rapidly evolving field aimed at extracting information on the physiological systems. This book consists of 16 contributions from authors with a strong scientific background in biomedical signals analysis. It includes reviews on the state-of-the-art of complexity studies in specific medical applications, new methods to improve complexity quantifiers, and novel complexity analyses in physiological or clinical scenarios. It presents a wide spectrum of methods investigating the entropic properties, multifractal structure, self-organized criticality, and information dynamics of biomedical signals touching upon three physiological areas: the cardiovascular system, the central nervous system, the heart-brain interactions. The book is aimed at experienced researchers in signal analysis and presents the latest trends in the complexity methods in physiology and medicine with the hope of inspiring future works advancing this fascinating area of research.

autonomic nervous function --- heart rate variability (HRV) --- baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) --- photo-plethysmo-graphy (PPG) --- digital volume pulse (DVP) --- percussion entropy index (PEI) --- heart rate variability --- posture --- entropy --- complexity --- cognitive task --- sample entropy --- brain functional networks --- dynamic functional connectivity --- static functional connectivity --- K-means clustering algorithm --- fragmentation --- aging in human population --- factor analysis --- support vector machines classification --- Sampen --- cross-entropy --- autonomic nervous system --- heart rate --- blood pressure --- hypobaric hypoxia --- rehabilitation medicine --- labor --- fetal heart rate --- data compression --- complexity analysis --- nonlinear analysis --- preterm --- Alzheimer’s disease --- brain signals --- single-channel analysis --- biomarker --- refined composite multiscale entropy --- central autonomic network --- interconnectivity --- ECG --- ectopic beat --- baroreflex --- self-organized criticality --- vasovagal syncope --- Zipf’s law --- multifractality --- multiscale complexity --- detrended fluctuation analysis --- self-similarity --- sEMG --- approximate entropy --- fuzzy entropy --- fractal dimension --- recurrence quantification analysis --- correlation dimension --- largest Lyapunov exponent --- time series analysis --- relative consistency --- event-related de/synchronization --- motor imagery --- vector quantization --- information dynamics --- partial information decomposition --- conditional transfer entropy --- network physiology --- multivariate time series analysis --- State–space models --- vector autoregressive model --- penalized regression techniques --- linear prediction --- fNIRS --- brain dynamics --- mental arithmetics --- multiscale --- cardiovascular system --- brain --- information flow

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Multiscale entropy (MSE) measures to evaluate the complexity of time series by taking into account the multiple time scales in physical systems were proposed in the early 2000s. Since then, these approaches have received a great deal of attention and have been used in a wide range of applications. Multivariate approaches have also been developed. The algorithms for an MSE approach are composed of two main steps: (i) a coarse-graining procedure to represent the system’s dynamics on different scales and (ii) the entropy computation for the original signal and for the coarse-grained time series to evaluate the irregularity for each scale. Moreover, different entropy measures have been associated with the coarse-graining approach, each one having its advantages and drawbacks. In this Special Issue, we gathered 24 papers focusing on either the theory or applications of MSE approaches. These papers can be divided into two groups: papers that propose new developments in entropy-based measures or improve the understanding of existing ones (9 papers) and papers that propose new applications of existing entropy-based measures (14 papers). Moreover, one paper presents a review of cross-entropy methods and their multiscale approaches.

History of engineering & technology --- electrocardiogram --- heart rate variability --- multiscale distribution entropy --- RR interval --- short-term inter-beat interval --- Alzheimer disease --- functional near infra-red spectroscopy --- signal complexity --- clock drawing test --- digit span test --- corsi block tapping test --- structural health monitoring --- multi-scale --- composite cross-sample entropy --- PD --- fault diagnosis --- variational mode decomposition --- multi-scale dispersion entropy --- HMSVM --- multiscale entropy --- embodied media --- tele-communication --- humanoid --- prefrontal cortex --- human behavior --- complexity --- page view --- sample entropy --- Wikipedia --- missing values --- physiological data --- medical information --- postural stability index --- stability states --- ensemble empirical mode decomposition --- gait --- Multiscale Permutation Entropy --- ordinal patterns --- estimator variance --- Cramér–Rao Lower Bound --- finite-length signals --- nonlinear dynamics --- multiscale indices --- cardiac risk stratification --- Holter --- long term monitoring --- multifractal spectrum --- multiscale time irreversibility --- predictability --- multiscale analysis --- entropy rate --- memory effect --- financial time series --- entropy --- cardiac autonomic neuropathy --- diabetes --- mental workload --- motif --- multi-scale entropy --- permutation entropy --- HRV --- SVM --- multivariate multiscale dispersion entropy --- multivariate time series --- electroencephalogram --- magnetoencephalogram --- CPD --- EEG --- sleep staging --- tensor decomposition --- preterm neonate --- bearing fault diagnosis --- weak fault --- multi-component signal --- local robust principal component analysis --- multi-scale permutation entropy --- brain complexity --- dynamic functional connectivity --- edge complexity --- fluid intelligence --- node complexity --- resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging --- aging --- consolidation --- default mode network --- episodic memory --- fMRI --- network complexity --- resting state --- copula density --- dependency structures --- Voronoi decomposition --- ambient temperature --- telemetry --- systolic blood pressure --- pulse interval --- thermoregulation --- vasopressin --- center of pressure --- falls --- postural control --- cross-entropy --- multiscale cross-entropy --- asynchrony --- coupling --- cross-sample entropy --- cross-approximate entropy --- cross-distribution entropy --- cross-fuzzy entropy --- cross-conditional entropy --- eye movement events detection --- nonlinear analysis time series analysis --- approximate entropy --- fuzzy entropy --- multilevel entropy map --- time-scale decomposition --- heart sound --- ICEEMDAN --- RCMDE --- Fisher ratio --- biometric characterization --- multi-scale entropy (MSE) --- vector autoregressive fractionally integrated (VARFI) models --- heart rate variability (HRV) --- systolic arterial pressure (SAP) --- multivariate data

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Writing or managing a scientific book, as it is known today, depends on a series of major activities, such as regrouping researchers, reviewing chapters, informing and exchanging with contributors, and at the very least, motivating them to achieve the objective of publication. The idea of this book arose from many years of work in biomechanics, health disease, and rehabilitation. Through exchanges with authors from several countries, we learned much from each other, and we decided with the publisher to transfer this knowledge to readers interested in the current understanding of the impact of biomechanics in the analysis of movement and its optimization. The main objective is to provide some interesting articles that show the scope of biomechanical analysis and technologies in human behavior tasks. Engineers, researchers, and students from biomedical engineering and health sciences, as well as industrial professionals, can benefit from this compendium of knowledge about biomechanics applied to the human body.

foot morphology --- toes function --- biomechanics --- barefoot --- jumping --- running --- jump throwing ability --- 3D motion analysis --- acceleration --- kidney --- torque --- exercise --- physical fitness --- peritoneal dialysis --- sports engineering --- ground reaction forces --- swimming --- performance --- neuromuscular training --- strength --- injury prevention --- young athletes --- basketball shoe --- comfort perception --- foot loading --- plantar pressure --- maneuver --- two-dimensional video analysis --- validity --- reliability --- quantitative biomechanical parameters --- artistic gymnastics --- minimalist index --- patellofemoral contact force --- patellofemoral contact stress --- footwear --- patellofemoral joint pain syndrome --- virtual reality --- visual speed perception --- treadmill running --- self-motion perception --- optical flow --- locomotion --- forefoot --- Gait --- Heel --- TUG --- Type 2 diabetes mellitus --- metabolic syndrome --- whole body vibration exercise --- range of motion of the knees --- surface electromyographic pattern --- neuromuscular activation --- sleep quality --- whole-body vibration exercise --- Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index --- Epworth Sleepiness Scale --- Berlin Questionnaire --- mechanical vibration --- traditional Chinese medicine --- balance --- flexibility --- muscle strength --- stabilometry --- ballet dancers --- ankle injury --- chronic ankle instability --- functional --- movement --- evaluation --- assessment --- screen --- type 2 diabetes mellitus --- blood flow velocity --- skin temperature --- vibration --- 3D force modeling --- rowing biomechanics --- robot-assisted training --- individualized training --- virtual reality simulator --- training of experts --- rowing simulator --- tendon based parallel robot --- transversal vibration control --- physical training intensity --- therapeutic exercises --- work related neck pain --- musculoskeletal pain --- flight time --- vertical jump --- center of mass --- landing --- anthropometric variables --- hamstring-to-quadriceps ratio --- H/Q ratio --- isometric --- lower limb --- measurement acquisitions and techniques --- strength and conditioning --- sports training --- strength abilities --- anterior cruciate ligament --- automation --- drop jump --- injury risk --- deep learning --- machine learning --- movement screen --- OpenPose --- signal complexity --- texture analysis --- multiscale entropy analysis --- wavelet transform --- photoplethysmography --- orthosis --- tensile strength test --- robotic therapy --- posture stability --- football --- training --- slackline balancing --- dynamics reconstruction --- contact force modeling --- optimal control --- subject-specific modeling --- velocity --- technique --- overhead --- racket --- swing --- stroke --- modeling and simulation in sport science --- mechanical analyses of sports --- sport medicine --- injury in sport --- human behavior --- quality of life --- applied science in musculoskeletal disorders

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• Reference Manager
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Writing or managing a scientific book, as it is known today, depends on a series of major activities, such as regrouping researchers, reviewing chapters, informing and exchanging with contributors, and at the very least, motivating them to achieve the objective of publication. The idea of this book arose from many years of work in biomechanics, health disease, and rehabilitation. Through exchanges with authors from several countries, we learned much from each other, and we decided with the publisher to transfer this knowledge to readers interested in the current understanding of the impact of biomechanics in the analysis of movement and its optimization. The main objective is to provide some interesting articles that show the scope of biomechanical analysis and technologies in human behavior tasks. Engineers, researchers, and students from biomedical engineering and health sciences, as well as industrial professionals, can benefit from this compendium of knowledge about biomechanics applied to the human body.

History of engineering & technology --- foot morphology --- toes function --- biomechanics --- barefoot --- jumping --- running --- jump throwing ability --- 3D motion analysis --- acceleration --- kidney --- torque --- exercise --- physical fitness --- peritoneal dialysis --- sports engineering --- ground reaction forces --- swimming --- performance --- neuromuscular training --- strength --- injury prevention --- young athletes --- basketball shoe --- comfort perception --- foot loading --- plantar pressure --- maneuver --- two-dimensional video analysis --- validity --- reliability --- quantitative biomechanical parameters --- artistic gymnastics --- minimalist index --- patellofemoral contact force --- patellofemoral contact stress --- footwear --- patellofemoral joint pain syndrome --- virtual reality --- visual speed perception --- treadmill running --- self-motion perception --- optical flow --- locomotion --- forefoot --- Gait --- Heel --- TUG --- Type 2 diabetes mellitus --- metabolic syndrome --- whole body vibration exercise --- range of motion of the knees --- surface electromyographic pattern --- neuromuscular activation --- sleep quality --- whole-body vibration exercise --- Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index --- Epworth Sleepiness Scale --- Berlin Questionnaire --- mechanical vibration --- traditional Chinese medicine --- balance --- flexibility --- muscle strength --- stabilometry --- ballet dancers --- ankle injury --- chronic ankle instability --- functional --- movement --- evaluation --- assessment --- screen --- type 2 diabetes mellitus --- blood flow velocity --- skin temperature --- vibration --- 3D force modeling --- rowing biomechanics --- robot-assisted training --- individualized training --- virtual reality simulator --- training of experts --- rowing simulator --- tendon based parallel robot --- transversal vibration control --- physical training intensity --- therapeutic exercises --- work related neck pain --- musculoskeletal pain --- flight time --- vertical jump --- center of mass --- landing --- anthropometric variables --- hamstring-to-quadriceps ratio --- H/Q ratio --- isometric --- lower limb --- measurement acquisitions and techniques --- strength and conditioning --- sports training --- strength abilities --- anterior cruciate ligament --- automation --- drop jump --- injury risk --- deep learning --- machine learning --- movement screen --- OpenPose --- signal complexity --- texture analysis --- multiscale entropy analysis --- wavelet transform --- photoplethysmography --- orthosis --- tensile strength test --- robotic therapy --- posture stability --- football --- training --- slackline balancing --- dynamics reconstruction --- contact force modeling --- optimal control --- subject-specific modeling --- velocity --- technique --- overhead --- racket --- swing --- stroke --- modeling and simulation in sport science --- mechanical analyses of sports --- sport medicine --- injury in sport --- human behavior --- quality of life --- applied science in musculoskeletal disorders